XV. THERAMENES
1. Sud. s. v.: 庢帢弮峟彖庢 廒庛庢彖帢彃怷, 彃用晅, 弮帢庛庢廔棲 怷帤巹庥怷 怷彃 庰巹怷, 廔 廒庰庥帢弇庰彃怷 庛怷彖怷繚 M庰弇峟帢 彃用煙怷庣庥廔區 庥帢廔 廒弇弇帢 庣彖峎. 庢帢弮峟彖庢 庰彃怷, 怷庣峸. M庰弇庰彃僇 帣庣帣弇巹帢 帠, 庰廔 廔弮怷庣庰 弇帠怷, 庰廔 庰廒匿磁彖彖 廒反怷庣 帢帢帣怷弇彃僇, 庰巹 庢弮峎彖.
Verba lacera, cum saltem 廒帠帢庰彖 ante M庰弇庰彃僇 desideretur, ex scholiis Aristophaneis hausta videntur. Certe, quae apud Sudam secuntur, ex Aristophanis scholiis sumpta (cf. schol. ad Ran. 541. 970), quoniam ad rem non pertinent, hic omisi. 廔弮怷巹庣彖 弇帠怷 similiter intellegi posse atque 帢怷弮怷巹庣彖, ut certa quaedam perihodi conformatio sit, docere studet . Suess, Rh. M. 66, 184, nihil omnino scripsisse Theramenem satis confidenter W. Schwahn profitetur, RE. V A 2, 2316 sq. V. etiam Stegemann ibid. 2320. Mihi quidem Sudae auctor, alioquin unum ex duobus facere solitus, hic ex uno duos fecisse videtur, ab Aristophanis scholiastis deceptus.
2. Cic. de orat. 2, 22, 93: antiquissimi fere sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent, Pericles atque Alcibiades et eadem aetate Thucydides, subtiles, acuti, breves, sententiis magis quam verbis abundantes. non potuisset accidere, ut unum esset omnium genus, nisi aliquem sibi proponerent ad imitandum. consecuti sunt hos Critias, Theramenes, Lysias. multa Lysiae scripta sunt, nonnulla Critiae, de Theramene audimus.
Patet e Cicerone Theramenem inter scriptores numerari vel, ut ipse ait, inter eos quorum quidem scripta constent, sed nihil scriptum viderat, quod quidem etiam de aliis V. saeculi scriptoribus adfirmare poterat, poterat dicere de Pericle audimus宎.
3. [Plut.] Vit. X 怷r. 836 F.: (Isocrates) 廒庥怷弮庰彖怷 怷帤巹庥怷 庰 怷彃 庰巹怷 庥帢廔 怷帠巹怷 怷彃 庰怷彖巹彖怷 庥帢廔 峇庣巹怷 怷彃 峉帢庥怷巹怷 庥帢廔 庢帢弮峟彖怷 怷彃 彃用晅怷怷. 怷廔 庥帢廔 弇弇帢弮帣帢彖怷弮峟彖怷 廔廔 彃僇 庣峎庥怷彖帢 庥帢廔 帠彖怷 廒廔 廔棒 帣怷弇帢巹帢彖 廒巹帢彖, 廒峎彖彖 庥帢帢庰弇庢帠弮峟彖彖, 弮彖怷 廒彖峟庢 帣怷庢庛峸彖 庥帢廔 怷弇廔睡 彖怷彖 廒巹帠庢庰 庥帢宎 廒峎. 廒庰庣帢 廔宎 帢廔怷彃 帢彃峸庛庢 庰廒區彖怷 廔帤彖庢庰怷彖 帢廔彃 弮帣峸庰庛帢庣, 庰廒 庣 彃僇 巹弇彖 廒怷弇帢庰庣 彃 弮怷彄剿. 庥帢廔 廒庥庰巹彖怷 庣彖廔區 怷廔帢 峟彖帢 帢廔彃 帢庣 弮帢帠弮帢庰帢庛帢庣, 廒﹡諄翁睡 廒彖 怷彃 帤庣庥帢庢巹怷庣 廒庥o帢彖庰彃怷, 帢廒 庰廒區庣彖 廒庣帠庰帠帢弮弮峟彖帢庣 彖怷.
10 峎彖怷 Salmasius.
Itaque ut sycophantas evitaret, Theramenes artes falso sub nomine ediderat. Botonis Atheniensis 峓enophanes philosophus fuerat discipulus (Diog. Laert. IX 18). Ex eodem fonte Dionysius Hal. de Isocr. p. 54, 8 sq. U. R.
4. Schol. Aristoph. ran. 541: 庢帢弮峟彖庢 帤庣帤峎庥帢弇怷 廒裒怷庥峎怷 怷彃羊怷彖 帤庣廔 廔棒 怷庣庥庣弇巹帢彖 怷彃 廒及裕諫 庛怷彖怷彖 廒庥峎弇怷彖, 廒庰庣帤廔 廒庥帢峟彄 峎庰庣 彃 彃僇 怷弇庣庰怷弮峟彖彖 廒帢廔裕 帢庰巹庛庰庣, 庥帢庛怷弮庣弇彃僇 怷彃 庥帢庣怷彃 庥帢廔 廔 弮峟怷彖 廒帢怷彃 怷彃 庣怷彃 怷峎彖, 廒庰庣帤廔 庥帢廔 廔 庥庛怷彖怷 廒彖帤峎庣 庥帢廔 帠彖帢庣徆廔 廔裒 廔區 廔怷帤峟庰庣 廒弮庰庣.
Cf. Sud. s. v. 庰徆庣, al.
5. Schol. Aristoph. nub. 361 (Prodicus): 帤庣帤廒庥帢弇怷 帤廔 廒缶 怷廔怷 庥帢廔 庢帢弮峟彖怷 怷彃 廒庣庥帢弇怷弮峟彖怷 怷庛彖怷.
6. Aristoph. ran. 964 (Euripides): 帠彖庰庣 帤廔 怷廔磁 怷怷 庰 庥廒弮怷廔磁 廒庥帢峟怷 弮帢庛庢廔區... (967) 怷廔弮廔裒 帤廔 弇庰庣怷彃僇 庰 庥帢廔 庢帢弮峟彖庢 廔 庥怷弮. (Dionysus) 庢帢弮峟彖庢; 怷 帠宎 廒彖廔棲 庥帢廔 帤庰庣彖廔裒 庰廒區 廔 峎彖帢, 廔 廒卅 庥帢庥怷彃 怷 庰庣峟彃 庥帢廔 弇庢巹怷彖 5 帢帢彃, 峟庥庰彖 廒徆 彃僇 庥帢庥彃僇, 怷廔 峓彃怷, 廒弇弇廔 庰彃怷. (Eurip.) 怷庣帢彃羊帢 弮峟彖怷庣 廒帠廔 怷彖庰彃彖 怷怷庣庣彖 庰廒區庢帠庢峎弮庢彖, 弇怷帠庣弮廔裕 廒彖庛庰廔剿 彃 峟彖彃 庥帢廔 庥峟庣彖, 廔甩宎 廒及棒 彖怷庰彃彖 廒帢彖帢 庥帢廔 帤庣庰庣帤峟彖帢庣 峎 宎 廒弇弇帢 庥帢廔 廔區 怷廒匿睡翁救 怷廒匿睡菲彖 廒弮庰庣彖怷彖 廒 廔 怷彃 庥廒彖帢庥怷庰彃彖繚 彃剿 怷彃羊宎 廒庰庣; 怷彃 弮怷庣 怷帤巹; 巹 怷彃羊宎 廒弇帢帣庰;
5 庰巹怷 libri.
Ultima perstringunt rhetorum quae vocantur 庰庣帢庣庥廔 庥庰峎弇帢庣帢 (cf. Prol. Syll. p. 51 and.), velut 庰, 怷彃, 彃剿 est in Gorgiae Palam. 22, haud aliter atque 廔 彖怷, 廔 怷, 廔 怷 apud Hippocratem 庥帢宎 廒匿煙庰彃怷彖 2 p. 30, 10 w., sed cum Theramenis, quem nominat Aristophanes, arte congruit Scholion Soph. El. in. 帤庰帤峸弇庥庰彖 廔 怷庣庢廔棲 廔裕 怷彖 彃 庥庢彖彃 (scil. 怷彃), 廔裕 怷彖 (彃剿), 廔裕 庥帢庣彖 (庰), 廔裕 彖彖帢 (巹). Inde Quintilianus (inst. 3, 5, 5) quaestiones infinitas nominat, quae remotis personis et temporibus et locis ceterisque similibus in utramque partem tractantur宎, significantius idem 9, 3, 102: sciendum vero imprimis, quid quisque in orando postulet locus, quid persona, quid tempus (i. e. 廔 怷彃, 庰, 巹). Unde Diogenes Laertius de Aristippo (2, 8, 66): 廒缶 帤廔 廒敖睡敖賦螂 廒弮帢庛帢庣 庥帢廔 彃 庥帢廔 彖彃 庥帢廔 怷彃. Alia eius generis in commentario ad Aristophanis Ran. p. 284 congessimus. V. etiam supra ad Gorgiae fr. 24. Gravissimum fortasse ad Aristophanem ipsum interpretandum est, quod Hermogenes dicit . . p. 145, 15 Sp. 廔 廒宎 廒彃 廒庣 峟弇怷 帠巹彖庰帢庣 庥帢廔 帢廔徆峎彖庰帢庣, 廒宎 廔形誕庰 庥帢廔 廒 彃僇 廒弇峟帠彖 廒帢巹庢庣, 廒庣 帤廔 峎帤庰繚 巹, 巹, 怷彃, 彃剿, 庰, 帤庣廔 巹; Non potest esse dubium, quin Hermogenes, cum talium 庰庣峎庰彖 doctrinam condidit, vias ingressus sit dudum munitas.
7. Prol. artis rhet. W VI, p. 20, 20 = Prol. Syll. p. 34. 7 R.: 廔庣 帠廔區 怷廒僇棒 弮彖怷彖 廔 弮帣怷弇庰庣庥彖, 弮廔 弮峟彖怷庣 廔 帤庣庥帢彖庣庥廔裕 廒 廔 帢彖庢帠庣庥彖, 怷廔怷 彃用晅 廔＋ 庢帢弮峟彖庢 廔 庛怷彖怷 弮帣怷弇庰庰庣彖 帠廔區 弮彖怷彖 庰廒匿氮蝦 廔弮 彃用晅 廒彖怷弮巹庤庰怷, 廔 帤廔 峸彖彖 帤庣庥峎庤庰庛帢庣 弮彖怷彖 庰廒匿氮蝦 彃用晅 廒及睡諫庰, 怷帠巹帢 庰 帢彖庢帠巹庤彖 弮彖怷彖 彃用晅 廒及睡諫庰 庥帢廔 帢廔.
Sic etiam P. S. p. 327, 24 sq. R., cf. ibid. p. 129, 28 sq.
8. Aristoph. ran. 534sq.:
帢彃羊帢 弮廔統 廔裒 廒彖帤 廒庣
彖怷彃缶 廒怷彖怷 庥帢廔 峟彖帢 庥帢廔
怷弇弇廔 庰庣庰弇庰庥怷,
弮庰帢庥弇庣彖帤庰彃彖 帢廔廔裕 廒庰廔
廔裒 廔裕 庰廔 峎怷彖帢 怷彃怷彖
弮彄僇銜銜諺 廒 帠庰帠帢弮弮峟彖庢彖
庰廒匿磁彖宎 廒峎彖帢庣 弇帢帣彖庛宎 廒彖
彃弮帢繚 廔 帤廔 弮庰帢峟庰庛帢庣
廔裒 廔 弮帢弇庛帢庥庰怷彖
帤庰徆庣怷彃 廔裒 廒彖帤 廒庣
庥帢廔 庰庣 庢帢弮峟彖怷.
Cum Theramenes 庰廔 庰廒匿磁彖彖 et 庰廔 庢弮峎彖 scripsisse dicatur, Aristophaneis verbis non solum politicum sed etiam rhetorem perstringi W. Suess coniecit (Rh. M. 66, 183 sq.), provocans ad Alcidamantis 庰廔 怷. 27 sq.: 廔甩庰 帠廔區 帢彃羊帢 (i. e. 帢弇庥怷彃 廒彖帤庣峎彖庰 庥帢廔 弇巹庛庣彖帢 廒帠峎弇弮帢帢 庥帢廔 帠庰帠帢弮弮峟彖帢 庤彃煎) 弮庣弮峸弮帢帢 彃僇 廒弇庢庛庣彖彃僇 弮峎彖 廒巹, ... 廔裕 帢廔廔裕 怷彖 廔 帠庰帠帢弮弮峟彖怷 弇帠怷 (qualis Isocratis fuit), 廒彖廔 峸弮帢庣 庥帢廔 峎徆庰庣 庥庰庢弮峟彖怷... 廒廔 帤廔 彃僇 庥帢庣彃僇 廒庥巹彖庢怷 廔卅... Scilicet 廒彖 彃弮帢 non est genus Theramenis. Statuarum quidem 廔 廒庥巹彖庢怷彖 et adulescentis pulchri corpore expressos animi motus opponit Erotici Pseudodemosthenici auctor (16). Ceterum adi Antisthenem, cur Ulixes 怷弇怷怷 sit dictus, explanantem B XIX 10. Omnino autem ea, qua Aristophanes utitur, comparatio tum temporis satis trita fuisse videtur (Plat. Phaedr. 275 D, Isocratis 13, 12).
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XV. THERAMENES
1. Suda s.v.: Theramenes of Athens, a rhetorician, pupil of Prodicus of Keos, who was nicknamed Kothornos [high boot or tragic shoe]. He wrote Rhetorical Exercises and some more works. Theramenes of Keos, a sophist, wrote Exercises (in three books), On the Similarity of Speech, On Images or Comparisons and On Figures.
The text is fragmentary; one misses at least he wrote before Exercises (in three books). It seems to have been put together from the Scholia on Aristophanes. I have left out what follows in Suda, which is certainly taken from those Scholia (cf. Schol. Frogs 541, 970) since they have nothing to do with the subject matter at hand. The similarity of speech can be understood in a similar way as paromoiosis, namely as a certain shaping of a period, according to . Suess, Rh. M. 66, 184; that Theramenes did not write anything at all is argued with a great deal of confidence by W. Schwahn, RE. V A 2, 2316 f. See also Stegemann ibid. 2320. To me at least it seems that the author of Suda, who otherwise usually conflates two persons into one, at this point makes two different Theramenes out of a single one, having been led astray by the scholiasts on Aristophanes.
2. Cicero, On the Orator 2.22.93: Pericles and Alcibiades and his contemporary Thucydides are the oldest authors to have left writings behind. These authors are subtle, acute, short, rich in thoughts rather than words. There is no way they could all have written in the same genre had they not chosen somebody to imitate. These ones were followed by Critias, Theramenes, and Lysias. We have many writings by Lysias, some by Critias, and we have heard about those by Theramenes.
From Cicero it is evident that Theramenes is listed among writers or, as Cicero himself puts it, among those by whom writings are known; yet he had not seen any such writing. But he could say the same thing about any other author from the 5th century: he could say we have heard this about Pericles色
3. Pseudo-Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators 836 F.: (Isocrates) learned from Prodicus of Keos, Gorgias of Leontini, Tisias of Syracuse and the rhetor Theramenes. When the Thirty tried to arrest Theramenes and he fled to the hearth of the Boule, and everybody else was scared, Isocrates was the only one to stand up in his defense and at first kept silent for a while. Finally, he was persuaded to stop by Theramenes, who pointed out that the affair would turn out much more painful for him if one of his friends were to suffer because of his misfortune. Theramenes is the author of some treatises and Isocrates is claimed to have co-authored them when he was being frivolously dragged to court; they are published under the name of Boton.
So, to avoid sycophants, Theramenes published his treatises under a false name. The philosopher Xenophanes was a student of Boton of Athens (Diog. Laert. IX 18). From the same source Dionysius Hal. On Isocrates p. 54, 8 f. U. R.
4. Scholion on Aristophanes Frogs: Theramenes, teacher of Isocrates, [因 was called Kothornos[1] because of the shrewdness of his character after he joined both of the parties in a fight among citizens, going with the flow and putting his own interest above faithfulness. For the tragic boot is a fit wear for both men and women.
Cf. Sud. s. v. 庰徆庣 and elsewhere.
5. Scholion on Aristophanes Clouds: [Prodicus] was also teacher of Theramenes, who was nicknamed Kothornos.
6. Aristophanes, Frogs 964: (Euripides:) You'll recognize the disciples of both this fellow and myself [因 (967) but mine are Cleitophon and Theramenes the dandy. (Dionysus:) Theramenes? A clever fellow, an all-round wonder; if he runs into trouble and happens to be close by hes thrown clear of the trouble, no Chian but a Kian. (Euripides:) Well, to ponder such things, I instructed these folks here, putting logic in my art and scrutiny, so now they notice everything and know through and through most especially how to run the household better than before, and they inquire, Hows this doing? Where's this? Who took that?
The last words satirize what is called circumstantial headings (cf. Prol. Syll. p. 51 n.), such as when, where, how in Gorgias Palamedes 22, not unlike the time, the manner, the place in Hippocrates On the Surgery 2 p. 30, 10 w. However, the Scholium on Sophocles Electra, introduction is consistent with the treatise by the Theramenes whom Aristophanes names: The poet has made clear the location of the scene [that is, the where], the manner [how], the time [when], the participant [who]. Hence Quintilian 3.5.5 gives an endless list of questions which, once one removes the characters, the times, the places and the like, are dealt with in both directions. More significantly in 9.3.102: One must know, to begin with, what in a speech is demanded by the place, what by the character, what by the time [that is, where, when, who]. Hence Diogenes Laertius On Aristippus (2.8.66): He was good enough to accommodate his speech to the place, the time and the character. Other sources to the same effect I have gathered in the commentary on Aristophanes Frogs p. 284. See also above on Gorgias fr. 24. Perhaps the most important explanation we can give to Aristophanes himself is what Hermogenes writes in On legal questions p. 145, 15 Sp.: What comes from the beginning to the end is born and grows out of the same things as does the asking of the inquisitory questions, that is, who, what, where, how, when, why? There can be no doubt that Hermogenes, when he created this doctrine of circumstances, was treading on ground already prepared by others.
7. Prologue on The Art of Rhetoric: anyone who has mastered only the deliberative style but not the forensic and the declamatory ones is a rhetorician like Theramenes the Kothornos: he was only capable to give advice and yet he was considered a rhetorician; Zenon, who knew only how to litigate, was said to be a rhetorician, and so was Gorgias himself, who could only do declamatory speeches.
So also P. S. p. 327, 24 f. R.; cf. ibid. p. 129, 28 f.
8. Aristophanes, Frogs 534ff.: This is the mark of a man whos got wit and brains and has sailed around the block a few times: to roll himself over to the prospering side rather than stand like a graven image, taking a single position. But to change for the softer is the mark of a clever man, a true Theramenes.
As Theramenes is said to have written On pictures and On Figures, W. Suess (RhM 66, 183 f.) hypothesizes that Aristophanes words satirize not only a politician but a rhetorician, and he points to Alcidamas On Wisdom 27 f.: Just as golden statues, wooden figurines and pictures of animals are imitations of the actual bodies [因 in the same way, a written speech [such as that by Isocrates], stuck in one appearance and one position and unchangeable in different situations This means that one appearance is not the genre of Theramenes. The author of the pseudo-Demosthenic Erotic treatise (16) contrasts the stillness of statues with the emotions expressed by the body of a beautiful youth. See also Antisthenes explanation of why Odysseus is called man of twists and turns (B XIX 10). And generally, the comparison Aristophanes uses seems to have been fairly commonplace at that time (Plat. Phaedr. 275 D, Isocrates 13.12).
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