VIII. PRODICUS (Vorsokratiker 77. S4) 1. Plato Phaedri p. 267 B: 帢彃羊帢 帤廔 廒庥怷彖 怷峟 弮怷 帤庣庥怷 廒帠峟弇帢庰 庥帢廔 弮彖怷 帢廔廔裒 庰廔庢庥峟彖帢庣 廒庢 廔形 帤庰彃 弇帠彖 峟彖庢彖繚 帤庰彃彖 帤廔 怷廔庰 弮帢庥彃僇 怷廔庰 帣帢峟彖, 廒弇弇廔 弮庰巹彖. 3 帤庰彃彖 Paris. 帤庰庣彖廔 BT Cf. Isocrates 4, 11: 庥帢巹怷庣 庣彖廔紮 廒庣庣弮彃剿庣 彃僇 弇帠彖 怷彃 廔廔紮 怷廔磁 廒匿棒圖帢 廒怷庣 ... 廔甩庰 ... 彄剿 弮廔統 帤庣怷彃僇誕帢 廔區 弮庰庣庢帢 ... Idem 2, 33. Plato Leg. 719 E, 722 A. 峇hucyd. II 35, 2. Anaximenes 6 p. 35, 21 H.
2. Prol. in Hermogenem W VII 9 = P. S. p. 192, 24 Rabe: 彃僇 帤廔 庰廒區 庥帢庥巹帢彖 {庥帢廔 廒庰廔棒罷 帤庣帢帣帢弇弇彖彖 怷廒 弮廔統 弇峟帠怷庣彖 帢廔廔棒 (sc. 彃用煙怷庣庥廔棒) 怷庣庣庥廔棒 庥帢廔 廔巹庤怷彖帢庣 怷廔 弇帠彖 廒區廔磁 庰廔 怷彃 帤怷庥怷彃缶誕怷 庣庛帢彖怷彃.宎 怷怷 帤廔 廔棒 帢庣彖 帤庣庥怷彖 庥帢廔 廒圖巹帢彖 帢廔 帤庰帤庥峟彖帢庣.
3. Quint. inst. 3, 1, 12: adfectus Prodicus (scil. tractasse dicitur).
4. Aristot. Rhet. 1415 b 9: 廒庣 廔 怷庰庥庣庥怷廔磁 怷庣庰彃彖 峎彖彖 彃僇 弮庰彃僇 庥怷庣彖彖, 廒廔匿 帤峟彃. 帢彖帢怷彃 帠廔區 廒彖庣彄剿庣 弮彄僇銜銜諺 廒 廒弮庰彖怷庣, 帤庣廔 帠庰弇怷彃怷彖 廒彖 廒彃 峎庰庣彖, 廔庰 弮峎弇庣帢 峎彖庰 怷廒怷彖庰 廒庥怷彃僇誕帢庣. 廔甩庰, 廔怷 廒彖 廒 庥帢庣, 弇庰庥峟怷彖繚 庥帢巹 弮怷庣 怷峟庰庰 廔裕 彖怷彃缶, 怷廔庛廔統 帠廔區 弮彄僇銜銜諺 廒弮廔裕 廒 廔弮峟庰怷彖, 庥帢廔僇 廒彃 帠廔區 廔弮彃彖, 怷廒煎諺 怷廔帤庰怷庰 廒庥庢庥帢庰 帤庰庣彖廔裕 廒 怷廔 庛帢弮帢彖. 怷彃羊怷 帤宎 廒庣彖, 廔甩庰 廒庢 帤庣庥怷, 廔庰 彖峎庤怷庣庰彖 怷廒 廒庥怷帢帢巹, 帢庰弮帣峎弇弇庰庣彖 彃 庰彖庢庥怷彖帢帤峎弮怷 帢廔怷彃.
5. Quint. inst. 4, 1, 73: contraque est interim prooemii vis etiam non exordio; nam iudices et in narratione nonnumquam et in argumentis ut attendant et ut faveant rogamus, quo Pr怷dicus velut dormitantes eos excitari putabat. 2 in exordio AP
6. Plato Crat. 384 : 庥帢廔 帤廔 庥帢廔 廔 庰廔 彃僇 廔彖怷弮峎彖 怷廔 弮庣庥廔裕 帠峎彖庰庣 廔彖 弮峎庛庢弮帢繚 庰廒 弮廔統 怷廔彖 廒帠廔 廒及棒 廒庥庢庥庢 帢廔 怷帤巹庥怷 廔棒 庰彖庢庥怷彖峎帤帢弮怷彖 廒巹帤庰庣徆庣彖, 廒用 廒庥怷帢彖庣 廔峎庰庣 庰廔 怷彃羊怷 庰帢庣帤庰彃羊庛帢庣, 廔甩 庢庣彖 廒庥庰彃彖怷, 怷廔帤廔統 廒彖 廒庥弇峟 庰 5 帢廔巹庥帢 弮峎弇帢 庰廒匿棒倀諄敖 廔棒 廒弇峸庛庰庣帢彖 庰廔 廔彖怷弮峎彖 廔庛庢怷. 4 廒庥弇庰彖 B 怷帤巹庥怷 怷彃 庰巹怷 廔棒 廒廔 怷彃 廔彖弮帢庣彖 廒庥庣帣怷弇怷帠巹帢彖 vocat Marcell. Vit. Thuc. 36, 廔彖怷弮峎彖 廒庥巹帣庰庣帢彖 Schol. Plat. Phaedr. 267 , 廔庛怷峟庰庣峎彖 庰 庥帢廔 廔庛怷庢弮怷彖庢彖 Themistius XXIII p. 350 Di. Huc fort. pertinet Schol. Townl. Il. 594 sq. 廒峎庰, 廒庥庰庣彖庰彖 帤廔 帢庛庥弇彃帢 弮庰帠帢庛弮怷彖, 峓峎弇庥彖怷 巹弇怷彖 廒晨蝴彖: 峓峎弇庥彖怷 廔團棒團睡諫 廒廔 彃 怷彃 帢弇庥怷彃 庥峸庰 <廔＋> 庥帢廔 帢庛庥弇彃帢. 庰廒棲庢庥庰彖 帤廔 廒彖 峓彖怷 廒廔 彃 庥帢弇弇巹庢 廔弇庢 (scil. 廒廔 怷彃 怷彃).
7. Aristot. top. 112 b 21: 廒庣 庥帢廔 庰廒 帢廔廔 帢廔彃 弮帣庰帣庢庥廔裒 廒庛庢庥庰彖 廔＋ 廒庰怷彖 帤庣廔 廔 廒庰怷彖 庰廒僇諄敖 廔彖怷弮帢, 庥帢庛廔救庰 廔團棒團睡諫 帤庣彃庰彃怷 廔區 廒﹡棒諺賦蔑 庰廒區 帢廔匿 庥帢廔 峟庣彖 庥帢廔 庰廔怷彖庢彖 帢彃羊帢 帠廔區 廔敖誕帢 怷彃 帢廔怷彃, 彃 廒﹡棒諺賦, 廔彖弮帢峎 廒庣彖. Cf. Plato Protag. 337 C, 358 A. Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 24.
8. Alexander Aphr. ad l. p. 181, 2: 帤庣庥怷 帤廔 廒庰庣彄剿怷 廒庥廔救彃 彃僇 廔彖怷弮廔救彖 怷廔銨彖 廒棒棒圖彖 庣 庢弮帢庣彖廔團樁舒諄諺 廔怷廔救庰庣彖, 廔甩庰 庥帢廔 怷廒 廒廔 彃 峉怷彄剿, 帢廔匿 弮廔統 弇廔割割諺誕庰 庰廔弇怷帠怷彖 廒帢庣彖, 廒﹡棒諺賦蓬彖 帤廔 廒弇怷帠怷彖 廒帢庣彖, 廔剴庣彖 帤廔 廔棒 帤庣 廔反彖 廒﹡棒諺賦蔥彖, 庰廔怷彖庢彖 帤廔 帤庣廔 弇廔團剴彖.
9. Hermias in Platonis Phaedr. p. 238, 22 (p. 191 Ast): 廔 廔團棒團睡諫 廔棒 彃僇 廔彖怷弮廔救彖 廒庥廔煎統舒團敖, 怷廒煎諺 帤庣帢怷廔匿 廔剴庰, 帢彄剿, 庰廔怷彖庢, 廔剴庣彖 庥帢弇彃僇 廔棒 帤庣 廔反彖 廒庥怷廔舒, 帢廔匿 廔棒 彃 彃, 庰廔怷廔銜諄煎 廔棒 帤庣廔 彃僇 廔弮弮廔救彖. Ariolari interpretem patet.
10. Plato Euthyd. 277 E: 彃剿怷彖 帠峎, 廔甩 庢庣 廔團棒團睡諫, 庰廔 廔彖怷弮廔救彖 廔庛廔誕庢怷 弮帢庛庰彃彖 帤庰彃. Sequitur inter 弮帢彖庛廔敖諄舒團 et 徆彖庣廔割諄敖 distinctio. Ad synonymicam hanc artem Plato Prodici nomine appellato praeterea adludit Protag. 337 sq., 340 A, 341 A sq., Menonis 75 E, Lach. 197 B sq., Charmid. 163 A sq. Aperta praeterea est adlusio Protag. 350 D. Eiusdem artis exempla habes in Xenophontis narratiuncula, quam ad Prodicum 廒彖 彃 帠帠廔敖樁樁救庣 彃 庰廔 廒戕帢庥弇廔割諫 refert Mem. 2, 1, 21 sq. (Diels Vorsokr. 77 B 2). Idem Xenophon de Cyro (Cyrop. 8, 1, 31) 帤庣彃庰庣 帤廔 帢廒匿氮蕊 庥帢廔 怷廔銜諄煎 彃帤庰, 廔＋ 怷廔磁 弮廔統 帢廒匿棒諫弮廔割諄諫 廔 廒彖 帢彖庰彃 帢廒區廔 庰廔銜割諺誕帢, 怷廔磁 帤廔 廔誕怷彖帢 庥帢廔 廔 廒彖 彃 廒帢彖庰彃.
11. Anaximenes rhet. 4 p. 33, 1 H.: 廒帤庣庥廔煎敖 帤廔 庥帢廔 廒弮廔啟珫庢弮帢 庥帢廔 廒傭廔煎敖 廔形棒 廔廔煎僇舒圖 廔 弮廔統 廒庥 怷彖怷廔煎救 庥帢庥彖 庣 怷庣庰彃彖 廒帤庣庥廔煎救 廔煎裕舒 庥帢廔 廔敖裕 帤庰彃彖 庣弮廔煎敖 廒廔 怷彃 怷庣怷怷庣 廔棒 弮庰帠廔煙庢彖 弇帢弮帣廔敖諄舒團諄 廔 帤廔 帤庣 廒帠彖怷庣帢彖 帣弇帢帣庰廔團 庣 廔救庰庣彖 廒弮帢廔煎敖 庰廒僇諄敖 帢廔割諺. 廔 帤廔 弮廔 帤庣 廒帢廔團, 廒弇弇廔 帤庣 廒廔剴怷 庣彖廔區 廒 帤庣廔 廔銨庢彖 弮庢帤廔統 廒庣庰弇庰彃彖 彃僇 帣怷弇庰庛廔割誕彖 庥帢弇彃剿 廒傭廔煎敖 廔煎裕舒 庥帢廔 廔敖裕 廔 弮廔統 廒帤庣庥庰彃彖 庰廒僇諄敖 彃僇 怷彖庢彃僇 廒彖庛廔誕彖 廒棒棒團諺, 廔 帤廔 廒徆帢弮帢庰彃彖 庥帢廔 庰廔 廔區 廔敖憊舒圖 廒庰彃彖 怷廔 弮廔團諄諺 庰廒僇諄敖 廒帢彃 廒棒棒團諺, 廒弇弇廔 庥帢廔 庥怷庣彖廔裕 庥帢廔 彃僇 帤庣庥帢庤廔團誕彖 庥帢廔 彃僇 廒弇弇彖 廒彖庛廔誕彖. 3 廒帤庣庥廔煎救 (genitivo) codd. CDMPV: 廒帤庣庥廔煎敖 rell. Ad Prodicum fortasse referenda. Cf. Marciani 庣帢庣廔剴庰庣 (Aristot. Pseudep. 679 sq.) Nr. 45, Antiphon tetral. 帠 4 廒庣 帤廔 廒 弮廔統 廒傭廔煎 怷彃 帢廔敖憊敖誕怷, 廒 帤廔 弮怷廔 怷彃 帢庛廔團誕怷. 廔 弮廔統 帠峎, 廒徆 廔形 廒帤帢庰彖 廒庥庰彃彖怷, 帤庣帢庛帢庰廔煙, 怷廔 彃 廒帢怷彃 廒弮帢廔猿噫, 廒弇弇廔 彃 怷彃 帢廔敖憊敖誕怷 庢廔敖樁舒諄諫 廒廔割裕敖諄舒, 廔 帤廔 弮庰彃庤, 廔形 廒庛庰弇庰, 廔敖憊救 彃 廒帢怷彃 廒傭廔猿噫, 廔彖 怷廔庥 廒庛庰弇庰彖, 廒廔割磁庰庣彖庰彖. Antiphon 5, 91 庥帢廔 弮廔棒 庰廒 帤廔割諺 廒弮帢庰彃彖 庣, 廔 廒帤廔煎磁 廒怷弇彃羊帢庣 廔庣廔誕庰怷彖 廒彖 庰廒棒 怷彃 弮廔 帤庣庥帢廔煙 廒怷弇廔剴帢庣. 廔 弮廔統 帠廔區 廒弮廔啟珫庢弮帢 弮廔團諄諺 廒廔, 廔 帤廔 廒庰怷彖 庥帢廔 廒廔割統煎樁. Cf. etiam Gorg. Hel. 15. 19, Aristot. rhet. 1372 b 16, 1374 b 4, 1405 a 26, 1416 a 14, Eth. Nic. 1135 b 11, Peters p. 12. Sunt apud oratores Atticos distinctiones, quae Prodicum sapiunt, v. e. g. Andocides 3, 11 (庰廒區廔舒諄, 怷彖帤帢廔), Isocrates Paneg. (4) 130 (庥帢庢帠怷庰彃彖, 彖怷庛庰庰彃彖), Hel. (10) 14 (廒怷弇怷帠庰彃庛帢庣, 廒帢庣彖庰彃彖), 庥帢廔 怷. (20) 9 (廒帤庣庥廔煎, 廔帣庣). Amat talia orationis 廔裒 庢弮廔團諄團睡諺 auctor: [Isocr.] 1, 20 (庣弇怷怷庢帠怷廔煎, 庰廔怷庢帠怷廔煎), 1, 27 (庣弇廔團睡敖銜諫, 庥帢弇弇庣廔舜), 1, 28 (廔舒樁救帢, 庥廔舒樁救帢), amat Thucydides (iam Spengel, A. S. 54 sq.). Prodici verba apud Platonem Prot. 337 B 廒弮庣帣庢怷彃羊庣 弮廔統 帠廔區 庥帢廔 帤庣 庰廔彖怷庣帢彖 怷廒 廔煎銜諺 怷彃 廔煎銜諺圖, 廒廔煎僇諫庣 帤廔 怷廒 帤庣廔救怷怷廔 庰 廒庛怷廔 廒弇弇廔舒銜諺圖 et Thucyididis 1, 69, 6 帢廒區廔煎 弮廔統 帠廔區 廔煎銨彖 廒彖帤彃僇 廒庣彖 廒弮帢帢彖廔團誕彖, 庥帢庢帠怷廔煎 帤廔 廒庛彃僇 廒帤庣庥庢廔敖誕彖 composuit H. Gomperz p. 96. De Aristophanis Ran. 1157 sq. v. Rh. M. 69, 91 sq. Ab ipsis quidem scriptoribus, ne quid de philosophorum studiis dicam, multa eius generis videntur inventa, sed Prodici eos auctoritas movit. De re scripsit H. Mayer, Prodikos v. Keos, Rhet. Studien, 1. Heft, 2. Tl. Paderborn 1914, W. W繹ssner, Die synonymische Unterscheidung bei Thucydides und den politischen Rednern der Griechen, Diss. Berlin 1937.
12. Stob. IV 20, 65 (IV p. 468 H.): 怷帤廔煎睡諫 廒庣庛弮廔煎敖 弮廔統 帤庣弇帢庣帢庛庰彃帢彖 廒帢 庰廒僇諄敖, 廒帢 帤廔 帤庣弇帢庣帢庛廔割誕帢 弮帢彖廔煎敖 帠廔煎割諄舜庛帢庣. Cf. Xen. mem. 1, 3, 13.
13. Plato symp. 177 B: 庰廒 帤廔 帣怷廔銜銜舒 帢廔 庥廔剴帢庛帢庣, (怷廔 帤庰庣彖廔裕) 怷廔磁 庢怷廔磁 怷庣廔區 廒戕帢庥弇廔割諫 弮廔統 庥帢廔 廒弇弇彖 廒帢廔煎諄諫 庥帢帢弇怷帠廔敖棒煎 徆帠帠廔救庰庣彖, 廔甩庰 廔 帣廔割銨庣怷 廔團棒團睡諫 ...; Herculis laus a Xenophonte primo celebrata et saepe repetita Prodici 廔倔帢庣 inerat, quem librum Callimachus inter rhetorica numeraverat, idcirco ab aliis vituperatus (Schol. Aristoph. Av. 692).
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VIII. PRODICUS
1. Plato, Phaedrus 267 B: And once, when Prodicus heard from me about these matters, he laughed and said that he alone had discovered the art of proper speech, that discourses should be neither long nor short, but of reasonable length. Cf. Isocrates 4.11: Yet some criticize those speeches that surpass the ability of lay people [因 as if [因 they themselves could judge the right measure色 Ibid. 2.33: Plato Leg. 719 E, 722 A; Thuc. 2.35.2; Anaximenes 6 p. 35.21 H.
2. Prologue on Hermogenes: Among those who want to taint rhetoric as something bad, some call it sophistic and define it as follows: strength of words about what is seemingly convincing. They claim that Prodicus and Hippias gave us a reason to see it that way.
3. Quintilian 3.1.12: Prodicus (is said to have dealt with) the affects.
4. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1415b9: Further, engaging the hearers' attention is common to all parts of the speech, if necessary; for attention slackens everywhere else rather than at the beginning. Accordingly, it is ridiculous to put this at the beginning, at a time when all listen with the greatest attention. Wherefore, when the right moment comes, one must say, And give me your attention, for it concerns you as much as myself; and, I will tell you such a thing as you have never yet heard of, so strange and wonderful. This is what Prodicus used to do; whenever his hearers began to nod, he would throw in a dash of his fifty-drachma lecture. 5. Quintilian 4.1.73: On the other hand, sometimes the exordium does not have the value of a preface, since at times we ask the judges both during the narration and in the argumentative part to pay attention and to favor us, something by which Prodicus thought they would be aroused as if out of doze.
6. Plato, Cratylus 384 B: and surely knowledge of names is no small matter. Now if I had attended Prodicus's fifty-drachma course of lectures, after which, as he himself says, a man has a complete education on this subject, there would be nothing to hinder your learning the truth about the correctness of names at once. It is called Prodicus of Ceoss subtlety about words by Marcell. Life of Thucydides 36, precision with words Schol. Plat. Phaedr. 267 B, correct use of words and rhythm Themisthius 23 p. 350.18 Di. Schol. Townl. Il. 16.594 f. may belong here: Glaucus, the leader of the Lycian warriors, turned around, and slew high-minded Bathycles, the dear son of Chalcon The name Chalcon, according to Prodicus, stems from the possession of bronze, as does the name Bathykles. He could have said Chryson from the most beautiful material (gold).
7. Aristotle, Topics 112 b21: Also, one may define that which is identical with itself as being different on the grounds that there is another word for it, as did Prodicus, who divided pleasure into joy, merriness and feeling good: these are all names for one and the same thing, pleasure. Cf. Plato Protag. 337 C, 358 A; Xen. Mem. 2.1.24. 8. Alexander of Aphrodisia p. 181.2: Prodicus attempted to assign to each of these words its own peculiar meaning, just like the Stoics define joy as reasonable elation, pleasure as unreasonable elation, merriness as pleasure through the ears and feeling good as pleasure through speech.
9. Hermias, Commentary on Platos Phaedros p. 238.22 (p. 191 Ast): Prodicus discovered precision in the choice of words; for instance, there is a difference between merriness, joy and feeling good: merriness is hearing something beautiful through the ears, joy is pleasure of the soul, feeling good that though the eyes. It is clear that the commentator is just speculating.
10. Plato, Euthydemus 277 E: First, as Prodicus says, one needs to learn about the correct use of words. There follows the distinction between manthanein and synienai. Plato also alludes to this synonymical art while uttering Prodicus name in Protag. 337 f., 340 A, 341 A f., Meno 75 E, Lach. 197 B f., Charmid. 163 A f. There is also an open allusion in Protag. 350 D. Some examples of this art are found in Xenophons little story that Mem. 2.1.21 f. refers to Prodicus in the work about Heracles (Diels Vorsokr. 77 B 2). Xenophon, again, on Cyrus (Cyrop. 8.1.31): He distinguished respectfulness and self-control in this way: the respectful flee what is shameful in the open, the self-controlled also what is shameful in the hidden.
11. Anaximenes, On Rhetoric: You are to distinguish injustice, mistake and mishap as follows: call evil done on purpose injustice and say that for such deeds one must impose the greatest punishment available. Doing something bad because of ignorance is to be defined as mistake. Call the failure to attain the good things one was aiming at not because of ones own actions but because of those of others or through chance mishap and say that committing injustice is peculiar to bad people, but making mistakes and being unlucky about ones endeavors is not peculiar to oneself but common to the judges and to all other human beings. These words may refer to Prodicus. Cf. Marcian Distinctions (Arist. Pseudep. 679 f.) no. 45; Antiphon Tetral. 3.3: Again, while the victim suffered the ill-effect of the mischance, it is the striker who suffered the mischance itself; for the one met his death as the result of the others act, so that it was not through his own mistake, but through the mistake of the man who struck him, that he was killed; whereas the other did more than he meant to do, and he had only himself to blame for the mischance whereby he killed a man whom he did not mean to slay. Antiphon 5.91: For if it is necessary to commit a wrong, it is more acceptable to lose unjustly than to destroy unjustly. The former, in fact, is just a misdemeanor, the latter is also a sacrilege. Cf. also Gorg. Hel. 15.19, Aristot. rhet. 1372 b 16, 1374 b 4, 1405 a 26, 1416 a 14, Eth. Nic. 1135 b 11, Peters p. 12. The Attic orators often make distinctions that smell of Prodicus, see e. g. Andocides 3.11 (peace, treaty), Isocrates Paneg. (4) 130 (accuse, criticise), Hel. (10) 14 (give a defense speech, praise), Against Loch. (20) 9 (wrong, wantonness). The author of Against Demonicus loves such things: [Isocr.] 1, 20 (addressing friendly, addressing well), 1, 27 (beauty-seeking, adornment-seeking), 1, 28 (riches, possessions); as does Thucydides (already Spengel, A. S. 54 f.). Gomperz p. 96 compares Prodicus words in Plato Prot. 337 B: Debates are had by friends with friends out of love, arguments by opponents and enemies with each other to Thuc. 1.69.6: Criticism is done to men one likes when they are wrong, accusation to enemies when they commit crimes. On Aristophanes Frogs 1157 f. see Rh.M. 69, 91 f. Ancient authors not to speak of philosophical studies came up with many such things themselves, but they were prompted by Prodicus authority. On this subject see H. Mayer, Prodikos v. Keos, Rhet. Studien, 1. Heft, 2. Tl. Paderborn 1914; W. W繹ssner, Die synonymische Unterscheidung bei Thucydides und den politischen Rednern der Griechen, Diss. Berlin 1937.
12. Stobaeus 4.20.65: Prodicus said that redoubled desire is love, redoubled love is madness. Cf. Xen. Mem. 1.3.13.
13. Plato, Symposion 177 B: And again, pray consider our worthy professors and the eulogies they frame of Hercules and others in prose, for example, the excellent Prodicus The praise of Heracles, made famous first by Xenophon, then repeated many times, was contained in Prodicus Horai, a book that Callimachus listed among the rhetorical works, thus attracting other peoples criticism (Schol. Aristophanes Birds 692). |