¶¡ÏãÔ°AV

Dr. Reynolds is a researcher and actively practicing critical care physician at the Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster. He is the recipient of the Royal Columbian Hospital Foundation Professorship in Critical Care at ¶¡ÏãÔ°AV to support his research on Ventilator induced diaphragm dysfunction and negative pressure ventilation. He has been awarded 2 CIHR grants as the principle investigator to explore the impact of phrenic nerve stimulation on mitigating ventilator induced diaphragm dysfunction.

Research Area:

His research focuses on pulmonary physiology and the impact of negative pressure ventilation when used as an adjunct to traditional positive pressure ventilation. Active areas of enquiry in his lab include; pulmonary-neural interactions during ventilation, mitigation of ventilator induced lung injury, histological basis of mitigation of diaphragm atrophy during phrenic nerve pacing, and cardio-respiratory interactions during negative pressure adjunctive ventilation. His lab conducts much of this research in a large pig model in a mock ICU. Our group has extensive expertise conducting complex, multi-day experiments employing sophisticated physiological monitoring devices evaluating real time atelectasis, ventilation parameters, cardiac physiology and nerve conduction.

Clinical Research:

Dr. Reynolds is specialized in Critical Care, Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine. Beyond his lab research he maintains a clinical research program in the Intensive Care unit and participates in collaborative research with the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. He participates as a collaborator and on the executive committee of multi-center clinical trials.

Dr. Reynolds has an interest in bench to bedside innovation and the development of novel solutions to clinical problems. He is active in developing these solutions through to commercialization, such as an early stage device designed to non-pharmacologically manage patients with delirium.

In addition to his research and clinical duties, Dr. Reynolds is the Site Medical Director at the Royal Columbian Hospital and the chairman of the FHA Heath Authority Medical Advisory Committee (HAMAC).

Journal Articles

1. Rishu AH, Marinoff N, Julien L, Dumitrascu M, Marten N, Eggertson S, Willems S, Ruddell S, Lane D, Light B, Stelfox HT, Jouvet P, Hall R, Reynolds S, Daneman N, Fowler RA; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. (2017). Time required to initiate outbreak and pandemic observational research.Journal of Critical Care. 1(40): 7-10. 
Published 

   
   
2. Fowler R, Rishu A, Marinoff N, Julien L, Dumitrascu M, Marten N, Eggertson S, Willems S, Ruddell S, Lane D, Light B, Stelfox H, Jouvet P, Hall R, Reynolds S, Daneman N.(2017). Global research preparedness for outbreak-related critical illness.Journal of Critical Care. 40: 272.
Published 
Refereed?: Yes 

   
   
3. Reynolds SC, Meyyappan R, Thakkar V, Tran BD, Nolette MA, Sadarangani G, Sandoval RA, Bruulsema L, Hannigan B, Li JW, Rohrs E, Zurba J, Hoffer JA.(2017). Mitigation of Ventilator Induced Diaphragm Atrophy by Transvenous Diaphragm Stimulation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care. 195(3): 339-348. 
First Listed Author Published Refereed?: Yes 

   
   
4. Fontela PS, Quach C, Karim ME, Willson DF, Gilfoyle E, McNally JD, Gonzales M, Papenburg J, Reynolds S, Lacroix J; Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.(2017). Determinants of Antibiotic Tailoring in Pediatric Intensive Care: A National Survey. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 18(9): e395-e405. 
Refereed?: Yes 

   
   
5. Reynolds, Steven MD, FRCPC; Ebner, Adrian MD; Meffen, Tracy MS; Thakkar, Viral MSc; Gani, Matt BSc, BEng; Taylor, Kaity BSc; Clark, Linda BSN; Sadarangani, Gautam BASc; Meyyappan, Ramasamy MSc; Sandoval, Rodrigo MSc; Rohrs, Elizabeth BSc; Hoffer, Joaquín A.(2017). Diaphragm Activation inVentilated Patients Using a Novel Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Pacing Catheter. Critical Care Medicine. 45(7): e691- e694. 
First Listed Author Published Refereed?: Yes 

   
   
6. Henrich NJ, Dodek PM, Gladstone E, Alden L, Keenan SP, Reynolds S, Rodney P.(2017). Consequences of Moral Distress in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study. American Journal of Critical Care. 26(4): e48-e57.
Published 

   
   
7. Li G, Cook DJ, Thabane L, Friedrich JO, Crozier TM, Muscedere J, Granton J, Mehta S, Reynolds SC, Lopes RD, Francois L, Freitag AP, Levine MA; PROTECT Investigators for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group.(2016). Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units with pneumonia.Respiratory Research. 11(17): 80. 
Published Refereed?: Yes 

   
   
8. Dodek PM, Wong H, Norena M, Ayas N, Reynolds SC, Keenan SP, Hamric A, Rodney P, Stewart M, Alden L. (2016). Moral Distress in ICU Professionals isAssociated with Profession, Age, and Years of Experience. Journal of Critical Care. 31(1): 178-182.
Co-Author 
Published Refereed?: Yes&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
9. Rose,L.; Burry,L.; Mallick,R.; Luk,E.; Cook,D.; Fergusson,D.; Dodek,P.; Burns,K.; Granton,J.; Ferguson,N.; Devlin,J.W.; Steinberg,M.; Keenan,S.; Reynolds,S.; Tanios,M.; Fowler,R.A.; Jacka,M.; Olafson,K.; Skrobik,Y.; Mehta,S.(2016). Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with physical restraint use in mechanically ventilated adults. Journal of Critical Care. 31(1): 31-35. 
Co-Author Published Refereed?: Yes&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
10. Henrich NJ, Dodek PM, Alden L, Keenan SP, Reynolds S, Rodney P.(2016). Causes of moral distress in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study.Journal of Critical Care. 35: 57-62.
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
11. Francis C, Reynolds S, Hoffer A. (2016). Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Diaphragm Thickness during Mechanical Ventilation in ICU Patients. American Journal of Critical Care. 25(1): e1-8.
Co-Author
Published 
Refereed?: Yes 

    
    
12. Muscedere J, Maslove D, Boyd JG, O'Callaghan N, Lamontagne F, Reynolds S, Albert M, Hall R, McGolrick D, Jiang X, Day AG.(2016). Prevention of nosocomial infections in critically ill patients with lactoferrin (PREVAIL study): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 29(17): 471. Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
13. Savage R D, Fowler R A, Rishu A H, Bagshaw S M, Cook D, Dodek P, Hall R, Kumar A, Lamontagne F, Lauzier F, Marshall J, Martin C M, McIntyre L, Muscedere J, Reynolds S, Stelfox H T, Daneman N. (2016). The Effect of Inadequate Initial Empiric Antimicrobial Treatment on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Bloodstream Infections: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One. 11(5): e0154944. Co-Author 
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 17&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
14. Daneman N1, Rishu AH, Xiong W, Bagshaw SM, Dodek P, Hall R, Kumar A, Lamontagne F, Lauzier F, Marshall J, Martin CM, McIntyre L, Muscedere J, Reynolds S, Stelfox HT, Cook DJ, Fowler RA; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.(2016). Duration of Antimicrobial Treatment for Bacteremia in Canadian Critically Ill Patients.Critical Care Medicine. 44(2): 256-264. 
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
15. Kanji H D, McCallum J, Norena M, Wong H, Griesdale D E, Reynolds S, Isac G, Sirounis, Gunning, Finlayson G, Dodek P. (2016). Early veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with lower mortality in patients who have severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.Journal of Critical Care. 33: 169-173.
Co-Author
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 11&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
16. Savage RD, Fowler RA, Rishu AH, Bagshaw SM, Cook D, Dodek P, Hall R, Kumar A, Lamontagne F, Lauzier F, Marshall J, Martin CM, McIntyre L, Muscedere J, Reynolds S, Stelfox HT, Daneman N.(2016). Pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in critically ill patients with bloodstream infections: a descriptive study. CMAJ open. 13(4): e569-e577. 
Published Refereed?: Yes&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
17. Mehta S, Cook D, Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Meade M, Fergusson D, Herridge M, Steinberg M, Granton J, Ferguson N, Tanios M, Dodek P, Fowler R, Burns K, Jacka M, Olafson K, Mallick R, Reynolds S, Keenan S, Burry L; SLEAP investigators; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.(2015). Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of deliruim in mechanically ventilated adults.Critical Care Medicine. 43(3): 557-566.
Co-Author
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 20&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
18. Sprague E, Reynolds S, Brindley PG. (2015). Patient Isolation Precations: Are They Worth It?. Canadian Respiratory Journal. Epub: 17249.
Co-Author
Published 
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 3&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
19. Reynolds S, Zurba J, Minhas K, Duggan L. (2015). A single centre case series of Ambu aScopeTM 2 for percutaneous tracheostomies: A viable alternative to fiberoptic bronchoscopes. Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy. 51(2): 43-5.
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
20. Burry L, Book D, Herridge M, Devlin JW, Fergusson D, Meade M, Steinberg M, Skrobik Y, Olafson K, Burns K, Dodek P, Granton J, Ferguson N, Jacka M, Tanios M, Fowler R, Reynolds S, Keenan S. Mallick R, Mehta S; SLEAP investigors; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. (2015). Recall of ICU Stay in Patients Managed with a Sedation Protocol or a Sedation Protocol With Daily Interruption.Critical Care Medicine. 43(10): 2180-2190. 
Co-Author
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 20&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
21. Daneman N, Rishu AH, Xiong W, Bagshaw SM, Cook DJ, Dodek P, Hall R, Kumar A, Lamontagne
F, Lauzier F, Marchall JC, Martin CM, McIntyre L, Muscedere J, Reynolds S, Stelfox HT, Fowler RA; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. (2015). Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.Trials. Apr 18:16: 173. Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
22. Sekhon MS, McBeth P, Zou J, Qiao L, Kolmodin L, Henderson WR, Reynolds S, Griesdale DE.(2014). Association between Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Mortality in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical Care. 2: 245-252.
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
23. Duggan LV , Minhas KS, Miller TL, Zurba J, Deady B, Noseworthy R, Carter LV , DE Griesdale DE, Reynolds SC. (2014). Complications increase with greater thanone endotracheal intubation attempt: experience in a Canadian adult tertiary-careteaching center. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 26(2): 167. Published 
Refereed?: Yes&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
24. Reynolds S, Heyland D, Muscedere J, Jiang X, Day A, Shorr A. (2012). Longitudinal changes in procalcitonin in a heterogenous group of critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine. 40(10): 2781-2787. First Listed Author
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 6&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
25. Perrott JL, Co MT, Reynolds SC, Gunning DJ. (2012). Dexmetatomidine as a procedural sedative for percutaneous tracheotomy; case report and systematic literature review.Case Rep Critical Care. Epub(2012): 359415.
Co-Author 
Published
Refereed?: Yes
Number of Contributors: 4 


Book Chapters

1. Perrott J, Reynolds S. (2016). Neuroprotective Agents in the Critically Ill. Oxford textbook of Critical Care. Co-Author 
Published, Oxford University press 

   
   
2. Hall M, Reynolds S. (2016). HIV in the ICU. Oxford Textbook of Critical Care. Co-Author 
Published, Oxford University press&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
3. Reynolds S, Cho B. (2015). Sepsis and Septic Shock. Therapeutics. 5th ed. First Listed Author 
Published, Canadian Pharmacist Association Refereed?: Yes&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
4. Ahmad O, Reynolds S. (2012). Mediastinitis. Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine. Co-Author Published, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Conference Publications

1. Steven Reynolds Elizabeth Rohrs Jason Zurba. A case series of a PAV+ weaning protocol in an acute care environment demonstrating an absence of weaningfailure.European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Annual Congress
Poster 
First Listed Author Published, Invited?: No 

   
   
2. S.C. Reynolds, R. Meyyappan, V. Thakkar, B.D. Tran, M.A. Nolette, G. Sadarangani, R.A. Sandoval, L. Bruulsema, B. Hannigan, E. Rohrs, J. Zurba, and J.A. Hoffer.Transvenous Nerve Stimulation Prevents Diaphragm Disuse Atrophy During Mechanical Venilation. American Thoracic Society International Conference 
Poster
First Listed Author Published, Invited?: No&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
3. Burry, Lisa1; Cook, Deborah2; Meade, Maureen3; Malik, Ranjeeta4; Fergusson, Dean4; Herridge, Margaret5; Steinberg, Marilyn6; Granton, John5; Ferguson, Niall5; Devlin, John W.7; Tanios, Maged8; Dodek, Peter9; Fowler, Robert10; Burns, Karen11; Jacka, Michael12; Olafson, Kendiss13; Keenan, Sean14; Reynolds, Steve14; Skrobik, Yoanna15; Mehta, Sangeeta6. Recall of ICU stay in mechanically ventilated patients managed with a sedation protocol or a sedation protocol with daily interruption: results of the SLEAP multicenter randomized trial. ESICM- European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 
Abstract Co-Author Accepted&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
4. Tindale L, Francis CA, Reynolds S, Hoffer JA. Proposed Ultrasonographic Study of Progressive Diaphragm Impariment in Mechanically Ventilated Spinal Cord Injured Subjects. iCord Ninth Annual Research Meeting Poster
Co-Author 
In Press&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
5. Meyyappan R, Sandoval RA, Francis CA, Nolette MA, Tang J, Tindale L, Tran B, Afram BB, Coquinco B, Reynolds S, Hoffer JA. Effects of Pacing the Diaphragm during Controlled Mechanical Ventilation: Preliminary Observations in a Pre-Clinical Study. iCord Ninth Annual Research Meeting
Poster 
Co-Author In Press&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
6. A. Rishu, N. Daneman, W. Xiong, S.M. Bagshaw, P.M. Dodek, R. Hall, A. Kumar, F. Lamontagne, F. Lauzier, J.C. Marshall, L.A. McIntyre, C. Martin, J. Muscedere, S. Reynolds, H.T. Stelfox, R. Fowler. (2104). Description Of Duration Of Treatment For Bloodstream Infection In Critically Ill Patients: A Multi-Centre Observational Study. American Thoracic Society
Poster
Co-Author
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
7. Reynolds, S; Ebner, A; Meffen, T; Thakkar, V; Gani, M; Taylor, K; Clark, L; Meyyappan, R; Sandoval, R; Rohrs, E; Hoffer, J. (2016). Diaphragm Activation in Ventilated Patients using a Novel Phrenic Nerve Temporary Pacing Catheter:First-in-Humans Feasibility. American Thoracic Society International Conference. 
Poster
First Listed Author Published, Invited?: No&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
8. Minhas K, Zurba J, Duggan L, Miller T, Reynolds S. (2014). Barotrauma Associated with Emergent Use of an Airway Exchange Catheter for Cricothyrotomy Exchange. Society of Airway Medicine
Poster
Last Author 
Accepted&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
9. Fowler RA, Rishu A, Reynolds S, Jouvet, P, Stelfox HT, Hall R, Light B, Khalil N, Mersereau T, Daneman N.(2014). Time Required To Initiate Outbreak And Pandemic Observational Research.American Thoracic Society
Poster 
Co-Author Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

   
   
10. Dodek P, Griesdale D, Norena M, Wong H, Ayas N, Chittock D, Ronco J, Foster D, Keenan S, Reynolds S, Gani S, McKeown S, McAdams M. (2014). Association Between Indices Of Glucose Control and Hospital Mortality: Variation Among Hospitals. American Thoracic Society
Poster 
Co-Author Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
11. N. Daneman, A. Rishu, W. Xiong, S.M. Bagshaw, P.M. Dodek, R. Hall, A. Kumar, F. Lamontagne, F. Lauzier, J.C. Marshall, L.A. McIntyre, C. Martin, J. Muscedere, S. Reynolds, H.T. Stelfox, R. Fowler. (2014). Patient And Pathogen Predictors Of Antibiotic Treatment Duration For Bloodstream Infection In Critically Ill Patients. American Thoracic Society
Poster
Co-Author
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
12. Griesdale D, Norena M, Wong H, Ayas N, Chittock D, Ronco J, Foster D, Keenan S, Steven Reynolds, McAdams M, and Dodek P. (2014). Association Between Indices Of Glucose Control and Hospital Mortality: Variation Among Hospitals. American Thoracic Society
Poster 
Co-Author Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
13. Hilary E, Carter L, White S, Heather H, Gara A, Reynolds S, Welykholowa T. (2014). MOBILIZING and ENGAGING to IMPROVE HAND HYGIENE. BC Quality Forum
Poster
Co-Author 
Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
14. Duggan LV , Minhas KS, Miller TL, Zurba J, Deady B, Noseworthy R, Carter LV, Griesdale DE, Reynolds SC. (2013). Complications Increase with Greater Than One Endotracheal Intubation Attempt: Experience in a Canadian Adult Tertiary-Care Teaching Centre. Society of Airway Management
Poster
Last Author
Published
    &²Ô²ú²õ±è;

15. Mehta S, Burry L, Cook D, Steinberg M, Fergusson D, Herbet P, Herridge M, Granton J, Ferguson N, Devlin J, Tanios M, Fowler R, Dodek P, Burns K, Jacka M, Olafson K, Reynolds S, Keenan S, Skrobik Y. (2012). SLEAP: A multicenter randomized trial of daily awakening in critically ill patients being managed with a sedation protocol. American Thoracic Society 
Poster Co-Author Published&²Ô²ú²õ±è;

    
    
16. Hoffer A, Tindale L, Francis C, Meyyappan R, Sandoval R, Afram B, Reynolds S. (2012). The Case for Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Pacing After a High-Level Spinal Cord Injury.Interdependence 2012 Global SCI Conference, Rick Hansen Institute
Poster 
Co-Author Published