丁香园AV

School of Criminology | Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
丁香园AV Calendar 2012 Summer

The following are all the courses offered in this area. To view the current course catalog and/or course schedule on the Student Information System, visit (select "Class Search/Course Schedule" on the left menu).

CRIM 101-3 Introduction to Criminology

Topics will include: examination of different terms and concepts commonly used in criminology, such as crime, delinquency, deviance, criminal, victim, rehabilitation and treatment. Criminology as a body of knowledge and as a profession. Position and subject matter of criminology. Relationship between criminology and other academic disciplines. Specificity of criminology. Relationship between theory and practice. History and evolution of criminological thought. Elements of continuity and discontinuity between classical and modern theories of criminality. Levels of explanations in criminology. Practical applications of criminology. The foundations of a modern criminal policy. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 103-3 Psychological Explanations of Criminal and Deviant Behavior

An introduction to, and critical examination of, biogenetic, psychiatric, and psychological explanations of criminal and deviant behavior. Special attention will be given to the hypothesized links between criminality and genetics, physiology, the endocrine system, mental disorders, personality, moral development, and other forms of social learning. Recommended: PSYC 100 and 102. Breadth-Social Sciences

CRIM 104-3 Sociological Explanations of Criminal and Deviant Behavior

A survey of some major sociological perspectives on crime and deviance that will include both mainstream and critical theories. These will include: anomie, neutralization, control, group conflict, sub-cultural, ecological, functionalist and critical theories. Critical analysis of the assumptions upon which each theory is based. Examination of the similarities and differences between/among the various explanations. Recommended: SA 150. Breadth-Social Sciences

CRIM 131-3 Introduction to the Criminal Justice System - A Total System Approach

Introductory analysis of the structure and operation of the Canadian criminal justice system. Examination of the patterns of crime and victimization; police operations, discretion and decision making; the criminal courts, including sentencing; the corrections system, including correctional institutions and community-based models; the youth justice system. Patterns of contact and conflict between various social groups and the criminal justice system. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 135-3 Introduction to Canadian Law and Legal Institutions: A Criminal Justice Perspective

A general introduction to the fundamental and competing principles of jurisprudence and to the basic legal institutions of Canada. Prepares students for those law and law related courses offered within the School of Criminology and will consider the history of Canadian law, the development of the Canadian constitution, the system of Canadian courts and the roles and responsibilities of members of the legal profession. In addition, the course will consider the nature of legal reasoning, the doctrine of precedent, principles of statutory interpretation and will also introduce the fields of contract, torts, administrative law, and family law. Also examines the process of law reform in Canada. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 161-3 Practicum I

First term of work experience in the Criminology Co-operative Education Program. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an 丁香园AV degree. Prerequisite: 30 units (at least fifteen completed at 丁香园AV) including CRIM 101, 220, 131, 135 and one of PSYC 210, STAT 101 or 203, with a cumulative grade point average of not less than 2.75. Students should apply to the Faculty of Arts co-op co-ordinator one term in advance.

CRIM 203-3 Historical Reactions to Crime and Deviance

Historical review of society's reaction to crime and deviance, relating this history to religious, political, social and philosophical movements and schools of thought. Consideration of the history and evolution of punishment and penal methods and the historical forces influencing the development, implementation, and modification of these methods. Prerequisite: any 100 division CRIM course.

CRIM 210-3 Law, Youth and Young Offenders

An analysis of the definition and control of youthful misconduct in an historical and contemporary context. Attention is focused upon: the social construction of 'juvenile delinquency', the decline of the concept, and the emergence of the concept of the 'young offender'; the Young Offenders Act and related legislation; the growth of the welfare state and the role of social workers in 'policing' youth and families; explanations for the criminal behavior of young persons; state and private sector programs designed to deal with such behavior. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 131

CRIM 213-3 Women and Criminal Justice

This course offers an historical and analytical overview of women and crime, taking into account the role of gender in both criminality and social responses to crime. Specific emphasis will be given to feminist theories. Attention will focus on the specific crimes and patterns of control and punishment. Prerequisite: any 100 division CRIM course.

CRIM 220-3 Research Methods in Criminology

An introduction to criminological research that is intended to develop the student's research and analytical skills. Specifically, the course will focus on the theory of inquiry, the logic, and structure of criminological inquiry, research design, data gathering, analysis and reporting. Students with credit for CRIM 120 may not take CRIM 220 for further credit. Recommended: any 100 division CRIM course. Quantitative.

CRIM 230-3 Criminal Law

Nature, purpose, scope, sources and basic principles of the criminal law. Study of certain fundamental legal concepts such as mens rea, negligence and strict liability. Analysis of the concept of criminal responsibility in Canada. Critical examination of the legislative policies expressed in the Criminal Code. Study of the basic elements of a criminal offence. Examination of the legal principles relating to certain specific crimes and to certain major defences. Impact of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on the criminal law. Prerequisite: CRIM 135.

CRIM 231-3 Introduction to the Judicial Process

A critical examination and evaluation of the judicial process. An introduction to the criminal courts and the legal profession. The structure and functions of the criminal court system and its relationship to other branches of government. The role of the criminal court judge, prosecutor, lawyer, jury, witness, expert, etc. Appointment, tenure, removal of judges; the social psychology of the courts; the jury system; plea bargaining; judicial behavior of the courts; the courts and the community; public opinion, attitudes and images of the courts; the mass media and the courts. Prerequisite: CRIM 131. Recommended: CRIM 135.

CRIM 241-3 Introduction to Corrections

An examination of the organization, structure and operation of contemporary Canadian corrections. A consideration of the history and development of provincial and federal correctional systems. The role of sentencing in the correctional process and alternatives to confinement. Discussion of the social organization of correctional institutions, including the inmates, correctional officers, correctional treatment staff and administrators. Parole board decision making and the issues surrounding the re-entry of offenders into the community. Community-based corrections programs and outcomes. Prerequisite: CRIM131.

CRIM 251-3 Introduction to Policing

An examination of the organization and operation of contemporary Canadian policing. Consideration of the history and development of policing in Canada, the role of the police in Canadian society and the police occupation, including recruitment and training. Discussion of police decision making and the exercise of discretion, police powers, and structures of accountability. Managing the police organization. Examination of police-community relations and crime prevention initiatives. Prerequisite: CRIM 131. Students with credit for CRIM 151 may not take CRIM 251 for further credit.

CRIM 261-3 Practicum II

Second term of work experience in the Criminology Co-operative Education Program. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an 丁香园AV degree. Prerequisite: successful completion of CRIM 161 and 45 units with a minimum CGPA of 2.75.

CRIM 300W-3 Current Theories and Perspectives in Criminology

A detailed examination of current theories and perspectives in criminology. The content of the course will change with developments in the area. Students can expect to study biological, psychological and sociological theories and perspectives, as well as those from other relevant disciplines and fields of inquiry (e.g. geography, political science and cultural studies). Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Writing.

CRIM 301-3 Crime in Contemporary Society

Contemporary issues, problems and themes pertinent to the field of criminology. Development, character and function of criminology as an academic and professional discipline. Status of criminology in the Canadian context. Selected issues of the study of crime, law and justice which will vary depending on instructor. This course may not be taken by students who are majoring or minoring in Criminology. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 302-3 Critical Approaches to Crime and Deviance

Critique of positivist and administrative criminology. Influence of race, class and gender on crime. Marxist, feminist and postmodernist criminology. Analysis of differential responses to street, corporate and state crime. Comparison of conservative and progressive criminal justice policy. The political commitment of the criminologist. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 310-3 Young Offenders and Criminal Justice: Advanced Topics

Examines some of the more complex contemporary issues relating to young offenders and justice. For any given term, the content of the course will reflect current controversies as well as faculty and student interests. Topics may include social control theory and juvenile justice; an assessment of theories of rehabilitation; the legal philosophy of the young offenders legislation and its Impact on juvenile justice; and an evaluation of diversion, deinstitutionalization and de-legalization in Canada and the United States. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 311-3 Minorities and the Criminal Justice System

An analysis of political, economic, and ethnic minorities and their relationship with the criminal justice system. Critical analysis of possible discordance, disharmony or conflict between ethnic and racial minorities such as Native Indians, Inuit, Metis, Doukhobor and others and the legal and social norms of the 'host' majority. Women and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 312-3 Criminological Perspectives on Social Problems

Involves detailed study of forms of deviance that have been commonly defined as constituting 'social problems.' Consideration of drug abuse (alcohol, nicotine, heroin and others), suicide, prostitution, obscenity, gambling and abortion. Justifications for present legislative policy and the relationship between these activities and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 313-3 Specific Types of Crimes

Critical analysis of a specific type of crime with particular emphasis on the nature, the incidence, correlates, control and prevention. Special attention may be given to white collar crime, computer crime, organized crime, violent crimes, political crimes, sexual offence, professional crimes, morality crime, etc. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 314-3 Mental Disorder, Criminality and the Law

Critical examination of the impact of psychiatry and related clinical professions on the criminal justice system. Relationship between institutions of mental health and legal control. The relevance of psychiatric theory and decision-making for the processing of mentally disordered offenders. The role of forensic clinicians in the courts, prisons, mental hospitals and related agencies. Specific issues addressed in this course will include psychiatric assessment, criminal responsibility, fitness to stand trial, prediction of dangerousness, treatment of mentally ill criminals and the penal and therapeutic commitment of the insane. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 131.

CRIM 315-4 Restorative Justice

An examination and analysis of the principles, assumptions, key concepts and applications of restorative (Transformative) justice. The course will contrast restorative justice with the dominant retributive/punitive model of justice and provide an introduction to a variety of both established and emerging expressions of restorative justice including, victim/offender reconciliation programs, family/group conferencing and circle remedies. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 316-3 Sexual Offenders and Sexual Offences

Provides an overview of current theoretical, clinical, and legal issues related to sexual offenders and sexual offences. For each of these issues, consideration will be given to different approaches and perspectives, and debates characterizing them. The topics to be covered include: explanatory models of sexual offending; developmental risk factors of sexual offending; typologies of sexual offenders; criminal careers of sexual offenders; phallometric assessment; actuarial and clinical risk assessment; treatment programs and their effectiveness, and criminal justice system initiatives. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 103. Students who have taken CRIM 417 in Spring or Summer 2005 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 317-3 Prostitution in Canada

Examines the history of prostitution; research on sex sellers, sex buyers, and managers; theories of prostitution; models of prostitution law; the history of prostitution law and its enforcement; the findings and recommendations of various Committees, Commissions and Task Forces examining prostitution in Canada. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken CRIM 313 (Specific Types of Crime) prior to Summer 2007 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 318-3 Special Topics in Criminology

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 319-3 Special Topics in Criminology

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 320-3 Quantitative Research Methods in Criminology

A detailed examination of the quantitative research methods and techniques most frequently used in criminological research. Advantages and shortcomings of each method and the appropriateness of each technique for criminological research. Problems of pure and applied research. Specific issues of interdisciplinary research. Critical evaluation of the quantitative methods used in certain major criminological studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; one of CRIM 120 or 220. CRIM 320 may be taken concurrently with CRIM 321. Quantitative.

CRIM 321-3 Qualitative Research Methods in Criminology

A detailed examination and application of qualitative research methods and techniques most frequently used in criminological research. Advantages and disadvantages of each method and the appropriateness of each technique for criminological research. Ethics of criminological research. Specific issues of interdisciplinary research. Critical evaluation of qualitative methods used in certain major criminological studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; one of CRIM 120 or 220. This course may be taken concurrently with CRIM 320.

CRIM 330-3 Criminal Procedure and Evidence

Critical examination of selected topics in criminal procedure and evidence, including jurisdiction, police powers of search and seizure, the right to counsel and pre-trial and trial procedures. Brief survey of the system of rules and standards by means of which the admissibility of evidence is determined. Close examination of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its impact on criminal procedure and evidence. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 230.

CRIM 331-3 Advanced Criminal Law

An extension of CRIM 230, this course will examine Canadian criminal law in greater depth as well as in comparison with other jurisdictions. Each term several substantive areas will be analysed closely. The areas to be examined will be determined by student interest but may include sexual offences, public order offences, mental disorder and the criminal process, property offences, etc. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 230.

CRIM 332-3 Sociology of Law

Introduction to the theory of sociology of law. Law and social structure. Law as a product of a social system and as an instrument of social change. Social functions of the law. Relationship between law and the structure and function of various other social institutions. The process of law-making. Process by which various interests become translated into legal rules. The social reality of the law; the law in action. Social sciences findings into the operation and practice of the law. Critical and feminist perspectives on law. Public knowledge, awareness, opinions and attitudes to the law, sanctions and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 135.

CRIM 333-3 Gender, Law and the State

A consideration of the relationship of women and men to the State, law and society. Analysis of concepts such as patriarchal relations, criminalization, racism and sexuality, using feminist and masculinity theories. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; 135. Recommended: CRIM 213.

CRIM 334-3 Law and Human Reproduction

Overview of theoretical perspectives and available research on debates linked with human reproduction. Reconsideration of the effects of legislation, social policy and social change on contraception, birth, abortion, adoption, eugenics policies, new reproductive technologies, sexualities, and other topics. Historical and contemporary examples will be used. Feminist perspectives will be featured along with other approaches to human reproduction. Prerequisite: this course is identical to GSWS 334 (or WS 334) and students may not take both courses for credit. Students who have taken CRIM 416, 417, 418 under the title Law and Reproduction may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 335-3 Human Rights and Civil Liberties

A study of the relationship between the government and the individual. Focus upon the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its interpretation by the judiciary. Examination of the issues of equality before the law, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom of expression. A study of human rights at the international, federal and provincial levels. Prerequisite: CRIM 330.

CRIM 336-3 Corporate Crime and Corporate Regulation

An examination and analysis of the nature, scope and impact of corporate crime, the principal organizational, social, political and economic factors involved in the definition and commission of such crime, and the ways in which governments and organizations respond to the problem. Particular types of corporate crime will be used as vehicles for exploring the legal and administrative framework that defines and regulates corporate wrongdoing. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; 135. Recommended: CNS 280 or ECON 101.

CRIM 338-3 Philosophy of Law

Introduction to the philosophy of law. Concepts of law, constitution and sovereignty. The nature and sources of the law. Examination of natural law, legal positivism, Kelsen's pure theory of law, legal realism, modern normative and analytical theories, critical legal theory and feminist theory. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 135.

CRIM 340-3 Criminal Justice Policy Making and Policy Analysis

Examines alternative approaches to developing and evaluating public policy in criminology through the use of case studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 220. Students who have taken CRIM 415 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 343-3 Correctional Practice

An in-depth consideration of a range of factors influencing contemporary correctional practice. The fundamental tension between the interests of offenders and the requirements of those managing correctional programs; the context provided by underlying theoretical assumptions about correctional practice and by influences such as public perceptions, politics and the economy. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 241.

CRIM 345-3 Theoretical Perspectives on Punishment

Examines theories of punishment in Western societies, with a particular emphasis on the 'revisionist' literature i.e. that which explains punishment techniques in terms of social-structural relationships rather than the rhetoric of reformers. The course also examines competing explanations of the demise of corporal punishment and the ascendence of incarceration at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century, the advent of various kinds of 'community corrections' through the twentieth century, and changes in punishment and social control with the advent of 'risk society.' Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 346-3 Current Issues in Corrections

In-depth critical assessment of contemporary issues faced by criminologists in relation to correctional operations and programming. Discusses current practices in corrections, including offenders' classification, criminological assessment, management of exceptional offenders and evidence-based programs offered to offenders. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 241

CRIM 350-3 Techniques of Crime Prevention I

Techniques of mobilizing community resources for crime prevention. Organizing, implementing and managing citizen efforts to reduce crime. Recruiting citizen assistance, training requirements, establishing and operating citizen organizations, evaluating results. Organizing programs for reducing criminal opportunity, programs for education, employment and recreation. Operating youth services centres, residential programs, crisis intervention and emergency centres. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 351-3 Police Accountability and Ethics

Examines police accountability including the expected ethical conduct of police, police powers, police decision-making, the exercise of discretion, and the structure of accountability. Specific emphasis on police codes of ethics, core values of police agencies, the function of internal investigations, and the role of civilian review. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 251.

CRIM 352-3 Environmental Criminology: Theory and Practice

Explores the history of the field of environmental criminology and critically examines the theoretical approaches within the field. Special emphasis is placed upon the relationship between crime, fear and the environment, the criminality of place and the decision processes involved in criminal events. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 355-3 The Forensic Sciences

Examines the use and interpretation of physical forensic evidence in court. It will critically examine and evaluate the major forensic sciences used in criminal investigations today, as well as look at the crime scene. Subjects examined will include forensic pathology, odontology, biology, DNA evidence, firearms evidence, toxicology chemistry and questioned documents. Techniques will be illustrated with case studies. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 356-3 The Forensic Sciences II

Introduces the methodological principles of analytical procedures and applications relevant to 21st century criminalistics as applied to skeletonized remains. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 357-3 Forensic Anatomy

An introduction to human anatomy and physiology relevant to the biological aspects of human forensics. Examines different body systems including form, function and development in the human adult and child, and discusses post mortem alteration to anatomical structures in the context of forensic anthropology and pathology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 361-3 Practicum III

Third term of work experience in the Criminology Co-operative Education Program. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an 丁香园AV degree. Prerequisite: successful completion of CRIM 261 and 60 units with a minimum CGPA of 2.75.

CRIM 369-4 Professional Ethics and Interpersonal Skills in Criminal Justice

Immediate ethical issues confronting the professional in the criminal justice system are examined. Such concerns include privileged communications and confidentiality in fields and research situations; the conflict between the professional's duty to protect society and her/his duty to the client; ethics of decision-making; research ethics; situation ethics; professional ethical codes and legal constraints on professional conduct. Different modes of personal interaction in selected parts of the criminal justice system are examined and taught. Mixed problems of skill and ethics are explored in controlled laboratory settings. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; reserved for criminology majors and honors. This course is a prerequisite for CRIM 462. Completion of this course does not guarantee admission to field practice.

CRIM 370-3 Directed Readings

Independent readings in a selected field of study, under the direction of a single faculty member. Papers will be required. Prerequisite: CRIM 320 and 330, and written application to the school no later than the last day of classes of the preceding term. CRIM 370 and 470 may not be taken concurrently.

CRIM 380-3 Introduction to Cybercrime

Explores legal, technical and social issues in cybercrime. Discusses the nature of cybercrime, with specific examples, and methods of regulation in Canada and worldwide. Addresses origins and extent of cybercrime, responses from the legal system and consideration of the wider effects for society. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken CRIM 318 under this topic (Fall 2009 or Spring 2010) may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 384-3 Crime and Literature

Questions of crime and criminal justice in novels and other forms of fiction are explored. Includes a critical discussion about crime plots, their social settings and outcomes, the psychology and sociology of criminal characters and their victims, and whether justice was achieved or denied in the course of the plot. Writing intensive. Prerequisite: students who have taken CRIM 416 or 417 or 418 as Crime and Literature or ENGL 384 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 402-3 Biological Explanations of Crime

Examines possible biological factors that could result in a predisposition towards criminal behavior. These include not only the genetic factors that affect behavior and therefore could potentially predispose towards crime, but also biochemical, neurological, nutritive and accidental effects such as head injuries. This course will look critically at all evidence both for and against any possible biological predispositions for criminogenic behaviors, together with the interaction with the environment. In particular, moral and ethical issues will be considered and debated. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 416 in the summer 2000 or 2001 term may not take CRIM 402 for further credit.

CRIM 410-3 Decision-making in Criminal Justice

Examination of the factors which influence decision making in the criminal justice system. The exercise of discretion by criminal justice personnel; the role of organizational policies and priorities in decision making; the involvement of victims and the public. Consideration of decision making at specific stages of the criminal justice process. Prerequisite: CRIM 131.

CRIM 412-3 Crime, the Media and the Public

Focus is upon the relationship among the content of media, especially books, films and TV. There will be an examination of the type and frequency of crimes associated with displays in the media, either coincidentally or causally, and the perception by and impact upon the public of such relationships (physically and psychologically). In addition, there will be an examination of the nature of political efforts by members of the public to alter this inferred relationship through law enforcement and legislative measures. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 413-3 Terrorism

Considers the nature, extent, and basis of terrorism as an official crime throughout the world and its impact upon criminal justice systems. Theoretical explanations in a comparative perspective will be employed to examine the impact of terrorism on various countries and the response of governments to it. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 414-3 Special Topics in Criminology

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of facuty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 416-3 Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. A student may not take for credit toward the degree more than three special topics courses (i.e. CRIM 416, 417 418).

CRIM 417-3 Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. A student may not take for credit toward the degree more than three special topics courses (i.e. CRIM 416, 417 418).

CRIM 418-3 Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. A student may not take for credit toward the degree more than three special topics courses (i.e. CRIM 416, 417 418).

CRIM 419-3 Aboriginal/Indigenous Justice

An in-depth examination of Aboriginal/indigenous conceptions of justice in dealing with crime and other trouble in indigenous communities, and in relations among peoples. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or FNST 101 or 201 or permission of the instructor. Students who took this course as CRIM 416 or 418 may not take this course for further credit. Students who take FNST 419 cannot take CRIM 419 for further credit.

CRIM 429-3 Indigenous Peoples and International Law

An examination of how relations between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples framed and were framed by the development of international law from the 15th century onward. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or FNST 101 or 201 or permission of instructor. Students who have taken this course under CRIM 416, or 418 under the title "Indigenous Peoples and International Law" or "Indigenous Peoples and Evolving International Relations" may not take this course for further credit. Students may not take FNST 429 for further credit.

CRIM 432-3 Gender in the Courts and the Legal Profession

The gendered nature of law will be addressed through an examination of its underlying factual assumptions, and the use of social science research as evidence in equality litigation. The use of the charter, human rights legislation, and other legal means to achieve gender equality through the legal system in the areas of work, employment and pay equity, and compensatory schemes for personal injuries will also be examined. This course will also examine women's struggles to gain admittance to the legal profession, and the barriers which may still prevent them from participating equally in the profession today. Prerequisite: CRIM 330.

CRIM 433-3 Communities and Crime

Examines communities and neighborhoods as contexts for thinking about a wide range of criminological issues including crime, fear, victimization, policing, and policy. Theoretical explanations and applied research will be used to expore how and why "community" is important for understanding crime and criminal justice. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken this course as CRIM 418-3 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 436-3 Corporate Crime and Corporate Regulation: Advanced Topics

A detailed examination and analysis of particular types of corporate wrongdoing and the nature and impact of the relevant legal and administrative framework. The topics will be selected by the particular course instructor and will, therefore, vary according to the instructor's interests as well as topicality. The areas of corporate crime which are chosen may include one or more of the following: 'economic crimes' such as violations of statutes which regulate competition, protect intellectual property, and safeguard stock market investors; crimes against the environment such as air and water pollution; and, crimes against consumers including the marketing of hazardous products, contaminated food, or dangerous drugs and devices. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 336.

CRIM 437-3 Crime and Misconduct in the Professions

Examines the use of self regulation by professional organizations (e.g. law societies, colleges of physicians and surgeons, stock exchanges) and the increasing demand by other occupational groups and social and economic entities to be governed by these internal controls in addition to, or in lieu of, the criminal and other state law. It will specifically examine how the criminal law is used in the context of self-regulation and how professionals can bypass the criminal law through self-regulating organizations. The professions will be examined in the context of administrative, civil and criminal law. Implications for self regulation in other areas and the future of self-regulation will also be considered. Prerequisite: CRIM 330.

CRIM 438-3 Wrongful Convictions and Other Miscarriages of Justice

Examines the issues of wrongful convictions and other miscarriages of justice. Considers the major factors that contribute to wrongful convictions despite the safeguards built into the system, and ways to prevent or reduce their number. Prerequisite: CRIM 330 is recommended. Students who have taken CRIM 417 under this title (Fall 2007 or Fall 2008) may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 440-3 Correctional Administration and Planning

Theory and practice of organization and administration of correctional agencies. Particular attention is given to the political/bureaucratic interface in correctional administration, management styles, labour relations, management support systems and program planning. Identification and assessment of corrections management objectives. The relationship between corrections administration and other components of the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; 131 and 241. Recommended: POL 251

CRIM 442-3 Restorative Justice Practice: Advanced Topics

An in-depth examination of the various community-based and institutional practices in promoting restorative processes, based on an examination and comparison of the values, philosophical approaches and outcomes of selected western and non-western models. Practices examined will include a range of restorative justice initiatives, including victim-offender mediation, family-group conferencing, multi-party mediation, and various circle remedies. This examination will include the application of restorative justice in the community, in schools and at all levels of the legal process (pre-arrest to post-incarceration and reintegration). Recommended: CRIM 315 and 343.

CRIM 450-5 Techniques of Crime Prevention II

Introduction to the modern techniques of crime prevention. Emphasis will be on crime prevention and reduction in fear of crime. Crime prevention through social change. Crime prevention through environmental design. Crime prevention through physical planning and architectural design. The concept of 'defensible space.' Obstructing and reducing the opportunities for the commission of crimes. Evaluating crime prevention programs. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 451-3 Advanced Techniques in Forensic Science

Looks at the advanced and sometimes more controversial areas of forensic science used in the criminal justice system today. Most areas are those outside the crime lab and require extensive and in-depth training in a very focused field. Seminars may cover areas such as the use of polygraph, blood spatter pattern analysis, entomology, pathology, odontology, anthropology, genocide investigation, facial approximation, crime scene analysis on land, underwater and mass homicide scenarios. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 420 in 01-3, 00-3, 99-3, 98-3 or 97-3 may not take CRIM 451 for further credit. Recommended: CRIM 355.

CRIM 452-3 Skeletal Pathology and Criminalistics

The examination of disease processes which affect and reveal themselves in the human skeleton at the level of surface morphology, radiology and histology and other relevant analytical methodologies relevant to criminalistics and human identification. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 357. Students who have taken this course as CRIM 417 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 453-3 Policing Illegal Drug Markets

Provides an overview of the theoretical, analytical, and ethical issues related to drug law enforcement. Examines the strategies used by the police in responding to the challenges posed by illegal drug markets. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 454-3 Criminal Profiling

Provides an overview of the advanced issues relating to the scientific study, development and evaluation of criminal profiling. Outlines the criminological and psychological principles upon which criminal profiling is based, including classification of violent behaviour, behavioural change and consistency. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 455-3 Advanced Issues in Policing

Covers the major issues surrounding policing in the 21st century. The topics to be examined will include the challenges confronting police services in a global community; police leadership; recruiting and training of police officers; the planning and delivery of police services; models of deployment; policing the multi-cultural society; use of force by police officers; the effectiveness of police interventions; the use of technology in police work; and community policing. Prerequisite: CRIM 101, 131 and 251.

CRIM 456-3 Investigative Psychology in Policing

Advanced issues relating to the empirical and scientific study of investigative psychology in policing. Outlines the main applications of investigative psychology, including police interrogation techniques, confession, false allegation, lie detection, crisis negotiation, risks and threats assessment, and psychological autopsies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 457-4 Crime and Criminal Intelligence Analysis

Examines data handling, data quality and analysis of various criminal justice system information sources common to police services, government agencies and academic researchers. Develops skills in tactical, strategic and administrative crime analysis functionality. Recommended: CRIM 352.Students who have taken CRIM 418 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 458-3 Community Policing

Examines the theory and models of contemporary community policing in Canada. Explores crime prevention, crime response, problem-oriented policing, the definition of community, and the role and responsibility of the community. Prerequisite: CRIM 251 - Introduction to Policing

CRIM 459-3 Organized Crime

Examines the many forms of organized crime, including theories and models. Explores specific activities involving organized criminals, traditional organized crime, street gangs and motorcycle gangs, and criminal justice responses to organized crime. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken CRIM 416 in Spring 2009 or CRIM 313 in Fall 2009 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 461-3 Practicum IV

Fourth term of work experience in the Criminology Co-operative Education Program. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an 丁香园AV degree. Prerequisite: successful completion of CRIM 361 and 75 units with a minimum CGPA of 2.75.

CRIM 462-15 Field Practice

Supervised three month field practicum in selected criminal justice agencies. Students are required to complete a series of reports addressing theoretical and practical issues relating to their placement as well as to attend regular feedback seminar discussions with faculty supervisors and other field practicum students. Prerequisite: prior approval of the school and a minimum CGPA of 2.5 is required. Applicants must be formal criminology majors or honors students, and must be enrolled in or have completed CRIM 320, 321 and 369. In extraordinary circumstances, students may be accepted with CRIM 320 or CRIM 321, with the approval of the field practice co-ordinator. A minimum grade of B- in CRIM 369 is required. Only under exceptional circumstances, to a limit of three units, and with the formal written approval of the director of the undergraduate program, will enrolment for course work in addition to CRIM 462 be permitted.

CRIM 465-3 Crime, Economics, and the Economy

Considers the study of crime from an economic perspective and the relationship between crime and the economy. Theoretical frameworks and empirical examples from both economic and criminology will be discussed. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken CRIM 414, 415, 416, 417 or 418 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 470-5 Directed Studies

Independent research in a selected criminological area, under the direction and supervision of at least one faculty member. A research report is required. Prerequisite: CRIM 320, 321 and 330. Written application to the school no later than the last day of classes of the preceding term. Reserved for criminology honors and majors. Recommended: CRIM 370.

CRIM 480-3 Computer Forensics and Cybercrime

Advanced exploration of high-tech crime and exploration of the tools and techiques used by cyber-criminals. Examines the techniques used by law enforcement to investigate and prosecute offenders, as well as the probable future development of cybercrime. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 380. Students who have taken CRIM 416/417/418 in Spring 2010 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 481-3 Advanced Issues in Cybercrime

Analysis of complex, emerging and current cyber-security threats. Discusses methods used to identify cybercrime threats and vulnerabilities, as well as the social, economic and legal implications. Insight into creating an effective defensive plan, and an understanding of future security trends and threats which are likely to develop. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended - CRIM 380. Students who have taken CRIM 416/417/418 under this topic in Spring 2010 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 490-5 Honors Thesis I

An in-depth investigation of a selected topic in criminology, including a comprehensive review of the literature as well as initial and partial completion of the thesis research. Open only to students who have been admitted to the criminology honors program.

CRIM 491-5 Current Theory and Research in Criminology: Advanced Topics

A detailed and comprehensive examination of the dominant theoretical research programs currently found in criminology. The subject matter of the seminars may change from year to year according to topicality and may include the following: biological theory and research; social psychological research programs (e.g., social learning theory); environmental criminology; left realism; feminism; post structuralism and post modernism. Students are also required to attend a weekly pro-seminar. Prerequisite: normally open only to students who have been admitted to the criminology honors program. Other students may be admitted under exceptional circumstances with the written permission of the director of undergraduate programs.

CRIM 499-12 Honors Thesis II

An honors thesis is a research report written under the supervision of a faculty member, a copy of which is to be permanently lodged in the School of Criminology. Students are required to attend a weekly seminar at which various issues associated with the linking of theory and method are examined and where students can both discuss their progress and share their research experiences. On completion, the thesis is to be orally defended in a school seminar. Open only to students who have been admitted to the criminology honors program. Students are not permitted to take other courses while enrolled in this course. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of B in CRIM 490 and 491 is required.

CRIM 800-3 Theories of Crime

A comprehensive overview of theories and the development of theoretical knowledge in criminology. This seminar will familiarize students with competing levels of understanding vis-脿-vis crime and deviance phenomena. The course will emphasize the integration of historical and contemporary theory, theory construction and testing, and the impact of factors such as ideology, politics and social structure on the emergence of criminological thought.

CRIM 801-3 Theories of Crime II

Intensive exposure to the major streams of criminological theory. Topics for in-depth analysis will be selected according to the availability and interest of specific course instructors. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship between ideas and social forces, as well as the interplay of theory and practice.

CRIM 810-3 The Phenomena of Crime I

Designed for the beginning graduate student, this course covers a wide variety of topics all of which deal with what we know about the phenomena of crime historically, temporally and geographically. This course will look at the patterns of crime and victimization, and will explore crime patterns at local, provincial, national and international levels. Known characteristics of specific forms of crime will be studied.

CRIM 811-3 The Phenomena of Crime II

Topics for in-depth analysis will be selected according to the availability and interest of specific course instructors and selected from but not limited to one or more of the following topics: historical criminology; the ecology of crime; environmental criminology; the media and crime; fear of crime; victimization; organized crime; or corporate crime.

CRIM 812-3 Criminal Networks

Examines the social environment of offenders through a criminal network perspective. Emphasizes how analyzing delinquency through the lens of networks can make theoretical and empirical contributions to the field.

CRIM 820-3 Criminal Justice Policy Analysis

An introduction to policy analysis in the field of criminal justice, beginning with frames of reference for policy-making such as the market, welfare economics, equity, efficiency, and liberty. Through applied examples, students will define policy problems, identify goals and objectives, devise alternative solutions, predict the effects of these alternatives, and communicate advice to decision-makers.

CRIM 821-3 Criminal Justice Analysis: A Systems Approach

The course will emphasize the systems approach in criminal justice problem analysis, policy development and planning. Program evaluation techniques will be applied to the major types of planning and program initiatives taken within or across criminal justice systems. Topics for in-depth analysis will be selected according to the availability and interest of specific course instructors and may be selected from any area of criminal justice practice including: law enforcement; the judiciary; court administration; corrections; or legal services.

CRIM 830-3 Legal Studies I

An examination of the role in both defining and responding to crime and its related social, economic and environmental contexts. A detailed analysis and empirical study of the impacts of law in specific circumstances, the utility of legal interventions, and the logic and utility of definitions of crime.

CRIM 831-3 Legal Studies II

Topics for detailed analysis will be selected from but not limited to one or more of the following themes: theoretical and empirical perspectives on law and mental health; law and the environment; corporate crime; law and gender; sexual violence; policing; and drug law.

CRIM 860-3 Research Methods I

The course will cover basic research design for criminological problems and basic techniques for the conduct of research in criminology and socio-legal study. The research methods covered will comprise both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The course is intended to establish fundamental research skills to be applied in advanced research methods seminars, in other core area courses, and in the preparation of theses and dissertations.

CRIM 861-3 Research Methods II

This course covers both parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques with an emphasis on parametric analysis. Basic descriptive and inferential statistics will be covered, including univariate measures, analyses of cross classified data, correlation, t-tests, analysis of variance, regression, and related measures. Also discussed are the experimental and statistical research strategies which produce those data. The approach will be conceptual and will emphasize the strengths, weaknesses, selection and application of various statistical, experimental and quasi-experimental techniques.

CRIM 862-3 Research Methods III

This course will address a range of research techniques generally subsumed under the rubric of 'qualitative' research including field research, interview techniques, historical and legal research, and documentary analysis. Emphasis will be on the logic underlying such inquiry, the advantages and limitations associated with different sources of information and procedures, and the processes by which analytical rigor is achieved.

CRIM 863-3 Research Methods IV

Advanced topics, issues and techniques in criminological and socio-legal research. The subject matter of this course will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include the following: advanced multivariate statistical techniques, documentary and historical methods, evaluative and predictive research, participant observation/ethnography, systems analysis, and computer simulation modelling. Prerequisite: CRIM 860, 861, 862, or by permission of the instructor.

CRIM 864-3 Research Methods V: Advanced Qualitative Methods

Advanced topics, issues and techniques in qualitative research methods in criminological and socio-legal research. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: field research; participatory action research; qualitative research and the digital revolution; research ethics; historical methods.

CRIM 865-3 Research Methods VI: Program Evaluation Theory and Practice

Advanced topics, issues and techniques in program evaluation in criminological and socio-legal research. The specific subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: program theory; process analysis; impact detection; cost-benefit analysis; policy-program linkage. Prerequisite: CRIM 860 or permission of instructor.

CRIM 869-3 Professionalism and Criminal Justice

This course is designed for students entering a field practicum placement via CRIM 880 and is a required component of the MA by Coursework, Project and Practicum option. It introduces the student to the legal and ethical issues relevant to professionalism and leadership in the field of Criminology. Related professional roles and functions are examined. The course integrates theory and practice from a case study perspective.

CRIM 870-3 Directed Readings

Intensive readings under the supervision of a faculty member, in areas of interest related to the student's program.

CRIM 871-3 Selected Topics

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 872-3 Selected Topics

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 873-3 Selected Topics

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 880-3 Field Practicum

A term of full-time advanced and intensive practicum experience supervised by selected faculty and justice system personnel. Students will assume a large measure of responsibility and participate in a range of activities related to the placement. Prerequisite: CRIM 869.

CRIM 885-3 Master's Project

MA by coursework, project and practicum paper. Prerequisite: CRIM 869.

CRIM 898-6 MA Thesis

CRIM 899-6 PhD Thesis

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