The objectives of this project were to (i) to investigate the ability of treatment wetlands to reclaim OSPW in the Alberta Oil Sands region and (ii) to support the application of treatment wetland for industry in Canada. The research involves (i) field studies of the removal of hydrocarbons and the associated toxicity from wastewater in Imperial Oil鈥檚 operational Kearl Treatment Wetland in Alberta and (ii) the development and testing of a contaminant-fate model that relates wetland treatment efficiency to operational and environmental conditions in Canada.