丁香园AV

Criminology Courses

CRIM 101 - Introduction to Criminology (3)

Topics will include: examination of different terms and concepts commonly used in criminology, such as crime, delinquency, deviance, criminal, victim, rehabilitation and treatment. Criminology as a body of knowledge and as a profession. Position and subject matter of criminology. Relationship between criminology and other academic disciplines. Specificity of criminology. Relationship between theory and practice. History and evolution of criminological thought. Elements of continuity and discontinuity between classical and modern theories of criminality. Levels of explanations in criminology. Practical applications of criminology. The foundations of a modern criminal policy. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 103 - Psychological Explanations of Criminal and Deviant Behavior (3)

An introduction to, and critical examination of, biogenetic, psychiatric, and psychological explanations of criminal and deviant behavior. Special attention will be given to the hypothesized links between criminality and genetics, physiology, the endocrine system, mental disorders, personality, moral development, and other forms of social learning. Prerequisite: PSYC 100 and 102 are recommended. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 104 - Sociological Explanations of Criminal and Deviant Behavior (3)

A survey of some major sociological perspectives on crime and deviance that will include both mainstream and critical theories. These will include: anomie, neutralization, control, group conflict, sub-cultural, ecological, functionalist and critical theories. Critical analysis of the assumptions upon which each theory is based. Examination of the similarities and differences between/among the various explanations. Prerequisite: SA 150 is recommended. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 131 - Introduction to the Criminal Justice System - A Total System Approach (3)

Introductory analysis of the structure and operation of the Canadian criminal justice system. Examination of the patterns of crime and victimization; police operations, discretion and decision making; the criminal courts, including sentencing; the corrections system, including correctional institutions and community-based models; the youth justice system. Patterns of contact and conflict between various social groups and the criminal justice system. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 135 - Introduction to Canadian Law and Legal Institutions: A Criminal Justice Perspective (3)

A general introduction to the fundamental and competing principles of jurisprudence and to the basic legal institutions of Canada. Prepares students for those law and law related courses offered within the School of Criminology and will consider the history of Canadian law, the development of the Canadian constitution, the system of Canadian courts and the roles and responsibilities of members of the legal profession. In addition, the course will consider the nature of legal reasoning, the doctrine of precedent, principles of statutory interpretation and will also introduce the fields of contract, torts, administrative law, and family law. Also examines the process of law reform in Canada. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 203 - Historical Reactions to Crime and Deviance (3)

Historical review of society's reaction to crime and deviance, relating this history to religious, political, social and philosophical movements and schools of thought. Consideration of the history and evolution of punishment and penal methods and the historical forces influencing the development, implementation, and modification of these methods. Prerequisite: Any 100 division CRIM course.

CRIM 205 - Crime Myths (3)

Misperceptions about crime and justice are commonly fostered by the media, politicians, and from overgeneralizations of personal experience. Much of what people believe about crime does not represent its true reality. This course will cover some common myths about crime and criminal justice, the consequences of these myths, and the value of rigorous research evidence in differentiating crime myths from facts. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 210 - Law, Youth and Young Offenders (3)

An analysis of the definition and control of youthful misconduct in an historical and contemporary context. Attention is focused upon: the social construction of 'juvenile delinquency', the decline of the concept, and the emergence of the concept of the 'young offender'; the Young Offenders Act and related legislation; the growth of the welfare state and the role of social workers in 'policing' youth and families; explanations for the criminal behavior of young persons; state and private sector programs designed to deal with such behavior. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 131.

CRIM 213 - Women and Criminal Justice (3)

This course offers an historical and analytical overview of women and crime, taking into account the role of gender in both criminality and social responses to crime. Specific emphasis will be given to feminist theories. Attention will focus on the specific crimes and patterns of control and punishment. Prerequisite: Any 100 division CRIM course.

CRIM 218 - Introductory Special Topics in Criminology (3)

Introductory analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. Subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology.

CRIM 220 - Research Methods in Criminology (3)

An introduction to criminological research that is intended to develop the student's research and analytical skills. Specifically, the course will focus on the theory of inquiry, the logic, and structure of criminological inquiry, research design, data gathering, analysis and reporting. Prerequisite: Any 100 division CRIM course is recommended. Students with credit for CRIM 120 may not take CRIM 220 for further credit. Quantitative.

CRIM 230 - Criminal Law (3)

Nature, purpose, scope, sources and basic principles of the criminal law. Study of certain fundamental legal concepts such as mens rea, negligence and strict liability. Analysis of the concept of criminal responsibility in Canada. Critical examination of the legislative policies expressed in the Criminal Code. Study of the basic elements of a criminal offence. Examination of the legal principles relating to certain specific crimes and to certain major defences. Impact of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on the criminal law. Prerequisite: CRIM 135.

CRIM 241 - Introduction to Corrections (3)

An examination of the organization, structure and operation of contemporary Canadian corrections. A consideration of the history and development of provincial and federal correctional systems. The role of sentencing in the correctional process and alternatives to confinement. Discussion of the social organization of correctional institutions, including the inmates, correctional officers, correctional treatment staff and administrators. Parole board decision making and the issues surrounding the re-entry of offenders into the community. Community-based corrections programs and outcomes. Prerequisite: CRIM 131.

CRIM 251 - Introduction to Policing (3)

An examination of the organization and operation of contemporary Canadian policing. Consideration of the history and development of policing in Canada, the role of the police in Canadian society and the police occupation, including recruitment and training. Discussion of police decision making and the exercise of discretion, police powers, and structures of accountability. Managing the police organization. Examination of police-community relations and crime prevention initiatives. Prerequisite: CRIM 131. Students with credit for CRIM 151 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 300W - Current Theories and Perspectives in Criminology (3)

A detailed examination of current theories and perspectives in criminology. The content of the course will change with developments in the area. Students can expect to study biological, psychological and sociological theories and perspectives, as well as those from other relevant disciplines and fields of inquiry (e.g. geography, political science and cultural studies). Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 300 may not take this course for further credit. Writing.

CRIM 301 - Crime in Contemporary Society (3)

Contemporary issues, problems and themes pertinent to the field of criminology. Development, character and function of criminology as an academic and professional discipline. Status of criminology in the Canadian context. Selected issues of the study of crime, law and justice which will vary depending on instructor. This course may not be taken by students who are majoring or minoring in Criminology. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 302 - Critical Approaches to Crime and Deviance (3)

Critique of traditional criminological theory and of the conventional approaches to the problems of crime and punishment. Critique of classical etiological criminology. Examination of the relationships between crime, class and power. The criminal as a scapegoat for the system. The stereotype of the criminal. Street crime vs. corporation and state crime. Criticism of treatment ideology and techniques. Comparison of conservative and radical criminal policy. The controversy about the possibility of a value-free social science and about the political commitment of the social scientist. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 310 - Young Offenders and Criminal Justice: Advanced Topics (3)

Examines some of the more complex contemporary issues relating to young offenders and justice. For any given term, the content of the course will reflect current controversies as well as faculty and student interests. Topics may include social control theory and juvenile justice; an assessment of theories of rehabilitation; the legal philosophy of the young offenders legislation and its impact on juvenile justice; and an evaluation of diversion, deinstitutionalization and de-legalization in Canada and the United States. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 210.

CRIM 311 - Minorities and the Criminal Justice System (3)

An analysis of political, economic, and ethnic minorities and their relationship with the criminal justice system. Critical analysis of possible discordance, disharmony or conflict between ethnic and racial minorities such as Native Indians, Inuit, Metis, Doukhobor and others and the legal and social norms of the 'host' majority. Women and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 312 - Criminological Perspectives on Social Problems (3)

Involves detailed study of forms of deviance that have been commonly defined as constituting 'social problems.' Consideration of drug abuse (alcohol, nicotine, heroin and others), suicide, prostitution, obscenity, gambling and abortion. Justifications for present legislative policy and the relationship between these activities and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 313 - Specific Types of Crimes (3)

Critical analysis of a specific type of crime with particular emphasis on the nature, the incidence, correlates, control and prevention. Special attention may be given to white collar crime, computer crime, organized crime, violent crimes, political crimes, sexual offence, professional crimes, morality crime, etc. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 314 - Mental Disorder, Criminality and the Law (3)

Critical examination of the impact of psychiatry and related clinical professions on the criminal justice system. Relationship between institutions of mental health and legal control. The relevance of psychiatric theory and decision-making for the processing of mentally disordered offenders. The role of forensic clinicians in the courts, prisons, mental hospitals and related agencies. Specific issues addressed in this course will include psychiatric assessment, criminal responsibility, fitness to stand trial, prediction of dangerousness, treatment of mentally ill criminals and the penal and therapeutic commitment of the insane. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 131.

CRIM 315 - Restorative Justice (4)

The course will contrast restorative justice with the dominant adversarial/retributive/punitive model of justice through a critical analysis of these two paradigms of justice. Several key principles, assumptions, and concepts necessary for understanding the foundation and practice of restorative justice will be introduced and explored. Prerequisite: 45 units. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 316 - Sexual Offenders and Sexual Offences (3)

Provides an overview of current theoretical, clinical, and legal issues related to sexual offenders and sexual offences. For each of these issues, consideration will be given to different approaches and perspectives, and debates characterizing them. The topics to be covered include: explanatory models of sexual offending; developmental risk factors of sexual offending; typologies of sexual offenders; criminal careers of sexual offenders; phallometric assessment; actuarial and clinical risk assessment; treatment programs and their effectiveness, and criminal justice system initiatives. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 103. Students with credit for CRIM 417 in Spring or Summer 2005 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 317 - Sex, Work, and the Law (3)

Examines the history of commercial sex in Canada, the related laws and their impacts; research on the breadth of the commercial sex industry, sex sellers, sex buyers, and third parties; theories about commercial sex involvement and its role in society; legal approaches to addressing commercial sex in other countries; current legal framework, including jurisprudence, relevant Criminal, Immigration, and municipal law. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 313 (Specific Types of Crime) prior to Summer 2007 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 318 - Special Topics in Criminology (3)

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 319 - Special Topics in Criminology (3)

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 320 - Quantitative Research Methods in Criminology (3)

A detailed examination of the quantitative research methods and techniques most frequently used in criminological research. Advantages and shortcomings of each method and the appropriateness of each technique for criminological research. Problems of pure and applied research. Specific issues of interdisciplinary research. Critical evaluation of the quantitative methods used in certain major criminological studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; one of CRIM 120 or 220. CRIM 320 may be taken concurrently with CRIM 321. Quantitative.

CRIM 321 - Qualitative Research Methods in Criminology (3)

A detailed examination and application of qualitative research methods and techniques most frequently used in criminological research. Advantages and disadvantages of each method and the appropriateness of each technique for criminological research. Ethics of criminological research. Specific issues of interdisciplinary research. Critical evaluation of qualitative methods used in certain major criminological studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101; one of CRIM 120 or 220. This course may be taken concurrently with CRIM 320.

CRIM 326 - Criminological Analysis of Homicide (3)

Using a criminological approach, the course examines the homicide offender, their victim, and the homicidal criminal event. Students are expected to discuss various types of homicide and demonstrate knowledge and understanding related to the different correlates of homicide. Students will apply their knowledge through the analysis of a homicide case. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 103. Students who have taken CRIM 319 in Fall 2018 or in Fall 2019 under the title "The Advocacy of Homicide" may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 330 - Criminal Procedure and Evidence (3)

Critical examination of selected topics in criminal procedure and evidence, including jurisdiction, police powers of search and seizure, the right to counsel and pre-trial and trial procedures. Brief survey of the system of rules and standards by means of which the admissibility of evidence is determined. Close examination of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its impact on criminal procedure and evidence. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 230.

CRIM 331 - Advanced Criminal Law (3)

An extension of CRIM 230, this course will examine Canadian criminal law in greater depth as well as in comparison with other jurisdictions. Each term several substantive areas will be analysed closely. The areas to be examined will be determined by student interest but may include sexual offences, public order offences, mental disorder and the criminal process, property offences, etc. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 230.

CRIM 332 - Sociology of Law (3)

Introduction to the theory of sociology of law. Law and social structure. Law as a product of a social system and as an instrument of social change. Social functions of the law. Relationship between law and the structure and function of various other social institutions. The process of law-making. Process by which various interests become translated into legal rules. The social reality of the law; the law in action. Social sciences findings into the operation and practice of the law. Critical and feminist perspectives on law. Public knowledge, awareness, opinions and attitudes to the law, sanctions and the criminal justice system. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 135.

CRIM 335 - Human Rights and Civil Liberties (3)

A study of the relationship between the government and the individual. Focus upon the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its interpretation by the judiciary. Examination of the issues of equality before the law, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom of expression. A study of human rights at the international, federal and provincial levels. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 135.

CRIM 338 - Philosophy of Law (3)

Introduction to the philosophy of law. Concepts of law, constitution and sovereignty. The nature and sources of the law. Examination of natural law, legal positivism, Kelsen's pure theory of law, legal realism, modern normative and analytical theories, critical legal theory and feminist theory. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 135.

CRIM 340 - Criminal Justice Policy Making and Policy Analysis (3)

Examines alternative approaches to developing and evaluating public policy in criminology through the use of case studies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 220. Students with credit for CRIM 415 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 343 - Correctional Practice (3)

An in-depth consideration of a range of factors influencing contemporary correctional practice. The fundamental tension between the interests of offenders and the requirements of those managing correctional programs; the context provided by underlying theoretical assumptions about correctional practice and by influences such as public perceptions, politics and the economy. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 241.

CRIM 345 - Theoretical Perspectives on Punishment (3)

Examines theories of punishment in Western societies, with a particular emphasis on the 'revisionist' literature i.e. that which explains punishment techniques in terms of social-structural relationships rather than the rhetoric of reformers. The course also examines competing explanations of the demise of corporal punishment and the ascendence of incarceration at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century, the advent of various kinds of 'community corrections' through the twentieth century, and changes in punishment and social control with the advent of 'risk society'. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 346 - Current Issues in Corrections (3)

In-depth critical assessment of contemporary issues faced by criminologists in relation to correctional operations and programming. Discusses current practices in corrections, including offenders' classification, criminological assessment, management of exceptional offenders and evidence-based programs offered to offenders. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 241.

CRIM 350 - Techniques of Crime Prevention I (3)

Techniques of mobilizing community resources for crime prevention. Organizing, implementing and managing citizen efforts to reduce crime. Recruiting citizen assistance, training requirements, establishing and operating citizen organizations, evaluating results. Organizing programs for reducing criminal opportunity, programs for education, employment and recreation. Operating youth services centres, residential programs, crisis intervention and emergency centres. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 351 - Police Accountability and Ethics (3)

Examines police accountability including the expected ethical conduct of police, police powers, police decision-making, the exercise of discretion, and the structure of accountability. Specific emphasis on police codes of ethics, core values of police agencies, the function of internal investigations, and the role of civilian review. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and 251.

CRIM 352 - Environmental Criminology: Theory and Practice (3)

Explores the history of the field of environmental criminology and critically examines the theoretical approaches within the field. Special emphasis is placed upon the relationship between crime, fear and the environment, the criminality of place and the decision processes involved in criminal events. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 355 - The Forensic Sciences (3)

Examines the use and interpretation of physical forensic evidence in court. It will critically examine and evaluate the major forensic sciences used in criminal investigations today, as well as look at the crime scene. Subjects examined will include forensic pathology, odontology, biology, DNA evidence, firearms evidence, toxicology chemistry and questioned documents. Techniques will be illustrated with case studies. Prerequisite: 45 units. Breadth-Social Sciences.

CRIM 356 - The Forensic Sciences II (3)

Introduces the methodological principles of analytical procedures and applications relevant to 21st century criminalistics as applied to skeletonized remains. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 357 - Forensic Anatomy (3)

An introduction to human anatomy and physiology relevant to the biological aspects of human forensics. Examines different body systems including form, function and development in the human adult and child, and discusses post mortem alteration to anatomical structures in the context of forensic anthropology and pathology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 358 - Forensic Entomology (3)

Forensic entomology is the study of the insects associated with a dead body. This course will introduce students to entomology and its applications to law. Instruction will include lectures, tutorials and also laboratories where students will handle, dissect and identify a variety of insects. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 320 or equivalent. Students with credit for CRIM 318 (Introduction to Forensic Entomology or Forensic Entomology) prior to Fall 2017 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 370 - Directed Readings (3)

Independent readings in a selected field of study, under the direction of a single faculty member. Papers will be required. Prerequisite: CRIM 320 and 330, and written application to the school no later than the last day of classes of the preceding term. CRIM 370 and 470 may not be taken concurrently.

CRIM 380 - Introduction to Cybercrime (3)

Explores legal, technical and social issues in cybercrime. Discusses the nature of cybercrime, with specific examples, and methods of regulation in Canada and worldwide. Addresses origins and extent of cybercrime, responses from the legal system and consideration of the wider effects for society. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 318 under this topic (Fall 2009 or Spring 2010) may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 402 - Biological Explanations of Crime (3)

Examines possible biological factors that could result in a predisposition towards criminal behavior. These include not only the genetic factors that affect behavior and therefore could potentially predispose towards crime, but also biochemical, neurological, nutritive and accidental effects such as head injuries. This course will look critically at all evidence both for and against any possible biological predispositions for criminogenic behaviors, together with the interaction with the environment. In particular, moral and ethical issues will be considered and debated. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 416 in the summer 2000 or 2001 term may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 406 - Family Violence and Criminal Justice (3)

Examines the social and cultural context of family violence and legal and social service interventions to prevent this violence. Topics may include: child and elder abuse and neglect, sibling abuse, violence against women, victimization of men, violence in same-sex couples, the police response, courts and corrections. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students who have taken CRIM 416 in Fall 2017 or Fall 2018, CRIM 319 in Spring 2018, under the title "Family Violence & Criminal Justice" may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 410 - Decision-making in Criminal Justice (3)

Examination of the factors which influence decision making in the criminal justice system. The exercise of discretion by criminal justice personnel; the role of organizational policies and priorities in decision making; the involvement of victims and the public. Consideration of decision making at specific stages of the criminal justice process. Prerequisite: CRIM 131.

CRIM 413 - Terrorism (3)

Considers the nature, extent, and basis of terrorism as an official crime throughout the world and its impact upon criminal justice systems. Theoretical explanations in a comparative perspective will be employed to examine the impact of terrorism on various countries and the response of governments to it. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 414 - Special Topics in Criminology (3)

A critical analysis of specific areas of criminology or criminal justice. The subjects covered will change from term to term depending on the specific interests of faculty, or students and current issues in criminology. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 416 - Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 417 - Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 418 - Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)

A critical analysis of certain 'hot' issues in criminology and criminal justice. The topics covered change from term to term. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 419 - Aboriginal/Indigenous Justice (3)

An in-depth examination of Aboriginal/indigenous conceptions of justice in dealing with crime and other trouble in indigenous communities, and in relations among peoples. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or FNST 101 or 201 or permission of the instructor. Students with credit for this course as CRIM 416 or 418, or FNST 419, may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 423 - Advanced Issues in Terrorism (3)

Builds upon and extends themes introduced in Criminology 413. Emphasis will be placed on understanding: the specific threat environment, emergent issues, and the dynamics of terrorism. These issues are addressed in the context of how they relate to, and can inform, professional approaches to security and the framing of state methods of preventing and responding to terrorism. Prerequisite: CRIM 413. Students with credit for CRIM 417 Special Topic: Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice under the title Advanced Issues in Terrorism may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 429 - Indigenous Peoples and International Law (3)

An examination of how relations between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples framed and were framed by the development of international law from the 15th century onward. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or FNST 101 or 201 or permission of instructor. Students with credit for CRIM 416, or 418 under the title "Indigenous Peoples and International Law" or "Indigenous Peoples and Evolving International Relations", or FNST 429 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 431 - Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (3)

Critical examination of the theory and method of comparative criminal justice. Review of common law systems, civic law systems, and socialist law systems. Specific consideration of the development, structure and operation of the criminal justice systems in selected countries, which may include England, France, Federal Republic of Germany, the former Soviet Union, the People鈥檚 Republic of China, and Japan. Focus on the impact of historical, social, political, religious and cultural factors on the criminal justice process. Consideration, of the structure and operation of various components of the criminal justice process in selected countries, including the police, criminal courts, and corrections. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 432 - Gender in the Courts and the Legal Profession (3)

The gendered nature of law will be addressed through an examination of its underlying factual assumptions, and the use of social science research as evidence in equality litigation. The use of the charter, human rights legislation, and other legal means to achieve gender equality through the legal system in the areas of work, employment and pay equity, and compensatory schemes for personal injuries will also be examined. This course will also examine women's struggles to gain admittance to the legal profession, and the barriers which may still prevent them from participating equally in the profession today. Prerequisite: CRIM 330.

CRIM 433 - Communities and Crime (3)

Examines communities and neighborhoods as contexts for thinking about a wide range of criminological issues including crime, fear, victimization, policing, and policy. Theoretical explanations and applied research will be used to explore how and why "community" is important for understanding crime and criminal justice. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for this course as CRIM 418 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 436 - Corporate Crime and Corporate Regulation: Advanced Topics (3)

A detailed examination and analysis of particular types of corporate wrongdoing and the nature and impact of the relevant legal and administrative framework. The topics will be selected by the particular course instructor and will, therefore, vary according to the instructor's interests as well as topicality. The areas of corporate crime which are chosen may include one or more of the following: 'economic crimes' such as violations of statutes which regulate competition, protect intellectual property, and safeguard stock market investors; crimes against the environment such as air and water pollution; and, crimes against consumers including the marketing of hazardous products, contaminated food, or dangerous drugs and devices. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 336.

CRIM 437 - Crime and Misconduct in the Professions (3)

Examines the use of self regulation by professional organizations (e.g. law societies, colleges of physicians and surgeons) and the increasing demand by other occupational groups and social and economic entities to be governed by these internal controls in addition to, or in lieu of, the criminal and other state law. It will specifically examine how the criminal law is used in the context of self-regulation and how professionals can bypass the criminal law through self-regulating organizations. The professions will be examined in the context of administrative, civil and criminal law. Implications for self regulation in other areas and the future of self-regulation will also be considered. Prerequisite: Recommended: CRIM 330.

CRIM 438 - Wrongful Convictions and Other Miscarriages of Justice (3)

Examines the issues of wrongful convictions and other miscarriages of justice. Considers the major factors that contribute to wrongful convictions despite the safeguards built into the system, and ways to prevent or reduce their number. Prerequisite: CRIM 330 is recommended. Students with credit for CRIM 417 under this title (Fall 2007 or Fall 2008) may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 441 - Preventing Crime and Antisocial Behaviour: Designing & Evaluating Programs (3)

An applied course in which students will learn to design and evaluate evidence-based programs targeting the prevention or reduction of specific criminal and antisocial behaviours. Examples of programs include those targeting: gangs; drug use; bullying; aggression; school drop-out; child sexual abuse; domestic violence; online piracy, and gambling addiction. Prerequisite: CRIM 101 and CRIM 220. Students who took CRIM 417 Current Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice Preventing Crime & Antisocial Behaviour in Fall 2013 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 442 - Restorative Justice Practice: Advanced Topics (3)

An in-depth examination of the various community-based and institutional practices in promoting restorative processes, based on an examination and comparison of the values, philosophical approaches and outcomes of selected western and non-western models. Practices examined will include a range of restorative justice initiatives, including victim-offender mediation, family-group conferencing, multi-party mediation, and various circle remedies. This examination will include the application of restorative justice in the community, in schools and at all levels of the legal process (pre-arrest to post-incarceration and reintegration). Prerequisite: CRIM 315. Recommended: CRIM 343.

CRIM 451 - Advanced Techniques in Forensic Science (3)

Looks at the advanced and sometimes more controversial areas of forensic science used in the criminal justice system today. Most areas are those outside the crime lab and require extensive and in-depth training in a very focused field. Seminars may cover areas such as the use of polygraph, blood spatter pattern analysis, entomology, pathology, odontology, anthropology, genocide investigation, facial approximation, crime scene analysis on land, underwater and mass homicide scenarios. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 355. Students with credit for CRIM 420 in 01-3, 00-3, 99-3, 98-3 or 97-3 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 452 - Skeletal Pathology and Criminalistics (3)

The examination of disease processes which affect and reveal themselves in the human skeleton at the level of surface morphology, radiology and histology and other relevant analytical methodologies relevant to criminalistics and human identification. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Recommended: CRIM 357. Students who have taken this course as CRIM 417 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 453 - Policing Illegal Drug Markets (3)

Provides an overview of the theoretical, analytical, and ethical issues related to drug law enforcement. Examines the strategies used by the police in responding to the challenges posed by illegal drug markets. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 454 - Criminal Profiling (3)

Provides an overview of the advanced issues relating to the scientific study, development and evaluation of criminal profiling. Outlines the criminological and psychological principles upon which criminal profiling is based, including classification of violent behaviour, behavioural change and consistency. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 455 - Advanced Issues in Policing (3)

Covers the major issues surrounding policing in the 21st century. Topics will vary semester to semester and may include policing gangs; police social disorder; sustainable policing; the police in the global community; quality assurance in policing; policing multi-needs populations; and the delivery of police services in remote and rural communities. Focus on police strategies and the effectiveness of specific policies and interventions designed to address these changes. Prerequisite: CRIM 101, 131 and 251.

CRIM 456 - Investigative Psychology in Policing (3)

Advanced issues relating to the empirical and scientific study of investigative psychology in policing. Outlines the main applications of investigative psychology, including police interrogation techniques, confession, false allegation, lie detection, crisis negotiation, risks and threats assessment, and psychological autopsies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 457 - Crime and Criminal Intelligence Analysis (4)

Examines data handling, data quality and analysis of various criminal justice system information sources common to police services, government agencies and academic researchers. Develops skills in tactical, strategic and administrative crime analysis functionality. Prerequisite: CRIM 352 is recommended. Students who have taken CRIM 418 under this topic may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 458 - Community Policing (3)

Examines the theory and models of contemporary community policing in Canada. Explores crime prevention, crime response, problem-oriented policing, the definition of community, and the role and responsibility of the community. Prerequisite: CRIM 251.

CRIM 459 - Organized Crime (3)

Examines the many forms of organized crime, including theories and models. Explores specific activities involving organized criminals, traditional organized crime, street gangs and motorcycle gangs, and criminal justice responses to organized crime. Prerequisite: CRIM 101. Students with credit for CRIM 416 in Spring 2009 or CRIM 313 in Fall 2009 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 464 - Street Gang Patterns and Policies (3)

Introduces the theoretical, empirical, and policy issues surrounding street gangs. The state of the current gang problem in Canada, the sociodemographics and motivations of individuals who join gangs the effect of gang membership on delinquency, the nature of violence and victimization, and the challenges of desistance will be discussed. Concludes with an overview of gang control strategies and the available policies. Prerequisite: CRIM 101.

CRIM 470 - Directed Studies (5)

Independent research in a selected criminological area, under the direction and supervision of at least one faculty member. A research report is required. Prerequisite: CRIM 320, 321 and 330. Written application to the school no later than the last day of classes of the preceding term. Reserved for criminology honours and majors. Recommended: CRIM 370.

CRIM 480 - Computer Forensics and Cybercrime (3)

Advanced exploration of high-tech crime and exploration of the tools and techniques used by cyber-criminals. Examines the techniques used by law enforcement to investigate and prosecute offenders, as well as the probable future development of cybercrime. Prerequisite: CRlM 380. Students who have taken CRIM 416/417/418 under the topic in Spring 2010 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 481 - Advanced Issues in Cybercrime (3)

Analysis of complex, emerging and current cyber-security threats. Discusses methods used to identify cybercrime threats and vulnerabilities, as well as the social, economic and legal implications. Insight into creating an effective defensive plan, and an understanding of future security trends and threats which are likely to develop. Prerequisite: CRIM 380. Students who have taken CRIM 416/417/418 under this topic in Spring 2010 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 485 - Professional Development - Criminal Justice Practice (1)

Workplace skills and ethical issues confronting the professional in the criminal justice system are examined, including: communication and conflict resolution; confidentiality, conflict of interest; professionalism and professional ethics; team work and time management. Completion of this course does not guarantee admission to Field Placement. Prerequisite: Permission of the school, and minimum 90 units and CGPA of 2.75. Applicants must be declared Criminology majors. Students with credit for CRIM 369 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 486 - Field Placement - Agency - Part Time (1)

Supervised three month part time (15-20 hours per week) field practicum in selected criminal justice agencies. Field Placement - Agency - Part Time is a pass/fail course assessed by the agency at which the student completes the practicum. Prerequisite: Permission of the school, and minimum 90 units and CGPA of 2.75. Applicants must be declared Criminology majors and must be enrolled in or have completed CRIM 320, 321 and 485. Corequisite: CRIM 488. A criminal record check may be required dependent on agency. Students with credit for CRIM 462, 487 or 489 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 487 - Field Placement - Agency - Full Time (4)

Supervised three month full time (35-40 hours per week) field practicum in selected criminal justice agencies. Field Placement - Agency - FT is a pass/fail course assessed by the agency at which the student completes the practicum. Prerequisite: CRIM 485, a minimum of 90 units and CGPA of 2.75, and/or permission of the School. Applicants must be declared Criminology majors. Corequisite: CRIM 489. A criminal record check may be required dependent on agency. Students with credit for CRIM 462, 486 or 488 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 488 - Field Placement - Academic - Part Time (4)

Supervised three month part time (15-20 hours per week) field practicum in selected criminal justice agencies. Students are required to complete a series of reports addressing theoretical and practical issues relating to their placement as well as to attend regular feedback seminar discussions with faculty supervisors and other field practicum students. Prerequisite: Permission of the school, CRIM 485, a minimum of 90 units and CGPA of 2.75. Applicants must be declared Criminology majors. Corequisite: CRIM 486. A criminal record check may be required dependent on agency. Students with credit for CRIM 462, 487 or 489 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 489 - Field Placement - Academic - Full Time (8)

Supervised three month full time (35-40 hours per week) field practicum in selected criminal justice agencies. Students are required to complete a series of reports addressing theoretical and practical issues relating to their placement as well as to attend regular feedback seminar discussions with faculty supervisors and other field practicum students. Prerequisite: CRIM 485, a minimum of 90 units and CGPA of 2.75, and/or permission of the School. Applicants must be declared Criminology majors. Corequisite: CRIM 487. A criminal record check may be required dependent on agency. Students with credit for CRIM 462, 486 or 488 may not take this course for further credit.

CRIM 490 - Honours Thesis I (3)

An in-depth investigation of a selected topic in criminology, including a comprehensive review of the literature as well as initial and partial completion of the thesis research. Open only to students who have been admitted to the criminology honours program. Prerequisite: Open only to students who have been admitted to the Criminology Honours Program.

CRIM 491 - Current Theory and Research in Criminology: Advanced Topics (4)

A detailed and comprehensive examination of the dominant theoretical research programs currently found in criminology. The subject matter of the seminars may change from year to year according to topicality and may include the following: biological theory and research; social psychological research programs (e.g., social learning theory); environmental criminology; left realism; feminism; post structuralism and post modernism. Students are also required to attend a weekly pro-seminar. Prerequisite: Open only to students who have been admitted to the Criminology Honours Program.

CRIM 499 - Honours Thesis II (9)

An honours thesis is a research report written under the supervision of a faculty member, a copy of which is to be permanently lodged in the School of Criminology. Students are required to attend a weekly seminar at which various issues associated with the linking of theory and method are examined and where students can both discuss their progress and share their research experiences. On completion, the thesis is to be orally defended in a school seminar. Open only to students who have been admitted to the criminology honours program. Students are not permitted to take other courses while enrolled in this course. Prerequisite: A minimum grade of B in CRIM 490 and 491 is required.

CRIM 800 - Criminological Theory I (3)

Intensive exposure to the major streams of criminological theory, the role of theory, and how theory develops, evolves, and changes. Consideration will be given to the relationship between criminological theories, their testable hypotheses and empirical support, as well as the interplay of theory and practice. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a solid background in undergraduate criminological theory. Equivalent to CRIM 300W.

CRIM 801 - Criminological Theory II (3)

Advanced topics in criminological theory. Topics for in-depth analysis will be selected according to the availability and interest in specific course instructors. The course will emphasize theoretical construction and development, the importance of theory, and how it structure criminological thought. Prerequisite: CRIM 800, or permission of the instructor.

CRIM 810 - Spatial-temporal criminology (3)

An examination of research on crime that considers spatial and temporal dimensions. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: environmental criminology, communities and crime, neighborhoods and crime, ecology of crimes, and crime prevention.

CRIM 811 - Young Offenders (3)

An examination of contemporary issues in the context of young offenders and justice. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interest and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: social control theory and developmental life course theories and juvenile justice models; young offender legislation in Canada; neuropsychology and young offenders; serious and violent young offenders; and the assessment of theories of rehabilitation.

CRIM 812 - Criminal Networks (3)

Examines the social environment of offenders through a criminal network perspective. Emphasizes how analyzing delinquency through the lens of networks can make theoretical and empirical contributions to the field.

CRIM 813 - Policing (3)

An examination of contemporary issues and perspectives in modern policing. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: policing in a diverse society, policing in a democratic society, rural and remote policing, police leadership in a time of change, and the evaluation of policing strategies and training.

CRIM 814 - Restorative Justice (3)

A course on praxis: the marriage of practice and theory, and practice in the development and implementation of restorative (transformative) justice models. Topics include: the needs and experiences of victims, offenders, and communities (including the impact of individuals and intergenerational trauma); the role of the state in justice matters; a comparison of the foundational values, laws, philosophical approaches and outcomes of traditional justice models. An exploration of these models allowing the consideration of their potential for producing democratic justice within the state and community, particularly in the aftermath of crime and violent political aggression and weigh that potential against their potential peril and pitfalls.

CRIM 815 - Cybercrime (3)

An examination of complex, emerging, and current cybercrime threats for social science students. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: methods of identifying cybercrime threats and vulnerabilities, social, economic, and legal implications, cybercrime prevention, and the future of cybercrime trends and threats.

CRIM 816 - Terrorism (3)

An examination of the nature, extent, and bases of terrorism. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: the history of terrorism, theoretical explanations for terrorism, government responses to terrorism, and the impact of terrorism.

CRIM 817 - Corrections (3)

A critical examination of contemporary issues in corrections. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: correctional administration, program planning, the identification, assessment, and evaluation of correctional practices and how this impacts different correctional populations and the relationship between corrections and other components of the criminal justice system.

CRIM 818 - Contemporary Issues in Forensic Science (3)

Forensic science has been defined as the application of science to the law. An examination of what forensic science is from a theoretical, legal and scientific standpoint and how it is being shaped by the differing agencies involved in delivering it. The course itself is aimed at the non-scientist.

CRIM 820 - Criminal Justice Policy Analysis (3)

An introduction to policy analysis in the field of criminal justice, beginning with frames of reference for policy-making such as the market, welfare economics, equity, efficiency, and liberty. Through applied examples, students will define policy problems, identify goals and objectives, devise alternative solutions, predict the effects of these alternatives, and communicate advice to decision-makers.

CRIM 830 - Crime, Law, and Policy (3)

An examination of the intersection of crime, law, and policy. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: mental health, law and the environment, white collar crime, drug law, law and gender, the impacts of the law, legal considerations of policy, and the utility of legal interventions.

CRIM 831 - Sexual Violence (3)

An examination of theoretical, clinical, legal, and empirical issues related to sexual violence. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: theoretical models, developmental risk factors, and typologies of sexual violence, criminal careers of sexual offenders, actuarial and clinical risk assessment, treatment programs for sexual offenders, and criminal justice responses.

CRIM 860 - Research Methods I: Research Design (3)

Research design for criminological problems and foundational techniques for the conduct of research in criminology. The further development of fundamental research skills to be applied in research, including subsequent research methods courses and in the preparation of theses and dissertations. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a solid background in undergraduate research methods, equivalent to CRIM 220.

CRIM 861 - Research Methods II: Quantitative Methods (3)

The coverage of a range of statistical techniques, including linear regression, logistic regression, and data reduction techniques such as cluster and factor analysis. The purposes, assumptions, and conduct of such analyses using a statistical software package for social sciences (e.g. SPSS, Stata, R) will be covered. Attention will be given to the decisions involved in data exploration and preparation for statistical modeling purposes. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a solid background in undergraduate quantitative research methods, equivalent to CRIM 320.

CRIM 862 - Research Methods III: Qualitative Methods (3)

A range of research techniques generally subsumed under the rubric of qualitative research including field research, interview techniques, historical and legal research, and documentary analysis. Emphasis will be on the logic underlying such inquiry, the advantages and limitations associated with different sources of information and procedures, and the processes by which analytical rigor is achieved. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a solid background in undergraduate qualitative research methods, equivalent to CRIM 321.

CRIM 863 - Research Methods IV: Advanced Quantitative Methods (3)

A survey of advanced statistical techniques in criminological research. Specific topics may include: limited (e.g., categorical, ordinal, and count) dependent variables, multi-level modeling, longitudinal data techniques, spatial data analysis, missing values analysis, and propensity score matching. Attention will be given to the decisions involved in data exploration and preparation for statistical modeling purposes using the appropriate statistical software. There is an emphasis on conceptual foundations and application. A strong background in regression-based techniques is assumed. Prerequisite: CRIM 861, or permission of the instructor.

CRIM 864 - Research Methods V: Advanced Qualitative Methods (3)

Advanced topics, issues and techniques in qualitative research methods in criminological and socio-legal research. Subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: field research; participatory action research; qualitative research and the digital revolution; research ethics; historical methods. Prerequisite: CRIM 862, or permission of the instructor.

CRIM 865 - Research Methods VI: The Theory and Practice of Program Evaluation (3)

Topics, issues and techniques in program evaluation within criminological research. The specific subject matter will vary according to instructor interests and specialization. Specific areas of concentration may include: needs assessment, program theory, logic models, process evaluation design and implementation, outcome evaluation design and implementation, and cost-benefit analysis. Prerequisite: CRIM 860 or permission of instructor.

CRIM 870 - Directed Readings (3)

Intensive readings under the supervision of a faculty member, in areas of interest related to the student's program.

CRIM 871 - Selected Topics (3)

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 872 - Selected Topics (3)

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 873 - Selected Topics (3)

Concentrated studies in areas of student specialization.

CRIM 890 - PhD Thesis Prospectus

Development and presentation of proposal for PhD thesis research. Prerequisite: CRIM 897.

CRIM 897 - Comprehensive Exam (6)

A one term course that will allow students to complete the comprehensive exam process. Prerequisite: Completion of all course work within the PhD program.

CRIM 898 - MA Thesis (12)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

CRIM 899 - PhD Thesis (12)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.