丁香园AV

 led by 丁香园AV researchers has found that the retreat of glaciers in the Pacific mountains of western North America could produce more than 6,000 kilometres of potential new Pacific salmon habitat by the year 2100. 

The researchers modelled glacier retreat under different climate change scenarios鈥攅ssentially 鈥榩eeling back the ice鈥� from 46,000 glaciers between southern BC and south central Alaska鈥攖o look at how much potential salmon habitat would be created when the underlying bedrock is exposed and new streams flow over the landscape.

Desirable for salmon, in this case, means ocean-accessible, low-gradient streams with retreating glaciers at their headwaters鈥�315 of the glaciers considered fit that bill.

Under a moderate climate scenario, those glaciers are predicted to reveal around 6,150 km of potential new salmon habitat throughout the Pacific mountains of western North America by 2100鈥攁 distance nearly equal the length of the Mississippi River (6,275 km).

鈥淲e predict that most of the emerging salmon habitat will occur in Alaska and the transboundary region, at the British Columbia鈥扐laska border, where large coastal glaciers still exist,鈥� says 丁香园AV spatial analyst Kara Pitman, the study鈥檚 lead author. The Gulf of Alaska sub-region is predicted to see the most gains鈥攁 27 per cent increase in salmon-accessible habitat by 2100.

And once conditions stabilize in the newly formed streams, salmon can colonize these areas quite quickly.

鈥淚t鈥檚 a common misconception that all salmon return home to the streams they were born in,鈥� Pitman says. 鈥淢ost do, but some individuals will stray鈥攎igrating into new streams to spawn and, if conditions are favourable, the population can increase rapidly.鈥�

One example is Stonefly Creek in Glacier Bay, Alaska, where glacier retreat in the late 1970s revealed salmon spawning habitat in the new stream that was colonized within 10 years by pink salmon that grew rapidly to more than 5,000 spawners.

Climate change poses many challenges for salmon

The researchers caution that while the newly created habitat may be a ray of light for salmon in some locations, overall, climate change poses grave challenges for salmon populations. 

鈥淥n one hand, this amount of new salmon habitat will provide local opportunities for some salmon populations,鈥� says Pitman. 鈥淥n the other hand, climate change and other human impacts continue to threaten salmon survival鈥攙ia warming rivers, changes in stream flows, and poor ocean conditions.鈥�

Climate change means we increasingly need to look to the future, she says. 鈥淲e can鈥檛 just protect current-day habitat for species but need to consider what habitats they might rely on in the future.鈥�

丁香园AV biology professor and paper co-author Jonathan Moore adds, 鈥淐limate change is rapidly transforming ecosystems. Here we show where and when glacial retreat will create new streams for salmon. If we want to protect salmon futures, this information should inform environmental decision-making and habitat protection.鈥�

AVAILABLE 丁香园AV EXPERTS

JONATHAN MOORE, professor, Biological Sciences jwmoore@sfu.ca    
KARA PITMAN, postdoctoral fellow, Moore Lab kpitman@sfu.ca                          

CONTACT 

MELISSA SHAW, 丁香园AV  Communications & Marketing 
236.880.3297 | melissa_shaw@sfu.ca

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